Front cover image for Teratology in the twentieth century : congenital malformations in humans and how their environmental causes were established

Teratology in the twentieth century : congenital malformations in humans and how their environmental causes were established

This book is an an up-to-date survey and summary of present knowledge and future expectations regarding the environmental causes of congenital malformations in human beings, beginning with the earliest discoveries of the 20th century up to the latest ideas and problems at its end, presents views and comments on the progress made over the century in understanding human prenatal maldevelopment
eBook, English, 2003
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003
History
1 online resource (pages 132-290)
9780444513649, 9780080542355, 0444513647, 0080542352
162131010
Cover
Teratology in the Twentieth Century
Copyright Page
Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY MATTERS
Coincidental discoveries
Early genetic studies
CHAPTER 2. DEFINITIONS
Introduction: styles
A small parenthesis
Congenital means present at birth
Malformations: abnormalities of structure
Recognition of malformations
Major and minor malformations
Minor malformations and variants
CHAPTER 3. CLASSIFICATION
Introduction: why classify
Classification by cause
Classification by type
Classification by pathogenesis
Nomenclature
Taxonomic innovations
The developmental field concept
CHAPTER 4. FREQUENCY
Introduction: early findings
Difficulties of establishing frequency
A matter of names
How often do malformations happen?
A definite definition
An aside
Why investigate malformation frequency
Ascertainment
Underestimating frequency
Overestimating frequency
Biological factors
Miscellaneous factors
CHAPTER 5. EARLY HUMAN STUDIES
Introduction: the principal objective
X-irradiation
Rubella
Other infectious diseases
Problems regarding intrauterine infection
Intrauterine infection in animals
CHAPTER 6. PIONEERING WORKS
Irradiation studies not appreciated
Vitamin deficiency
CHAPTER 7. EARLY EXPERIMENTS
Introduction: new needs and ideas
Principles of teratology
Vitamin A and diaphragmatic hernia
Power of genetics
Basis of diaphragmatic hernia
Early investigators
Trypan blue
Hypoxia
A little break: Down syndrome
Cortisone studies and by-products
A variety of experiments
Vitamin antimetabolites
CHAPTER 8. NEW CHALLENGES
Infant mortality and malformations
Teratology conferences
The Teratology Society
CHAPTER 9. THALIDOMIDE
The event
The thalidomide syndrome
The revelation
Thalidomide: safety and sales
Toxicity in adults
Thalidomide in the USA
Thalidomide's teratogenic mechanism
Dose- and time-response relations
Animal studies with thalidomide
Postscript: was anyone to blame?
The future?
CHAPTER 10. TESTING FOR TERATOGENICITY
Proposals for drug testing
The procedure
The consequence
The dose-response curve
Teratogens and mutagens
CHAPTER 11. TERATOLOGICAL DETOURS
Bendectin
Blighted potatoes
Female sex hormones
Diethylstilbestrol
CHAPTER 12. SURVEILLANCE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
Introduction: fears and demands
Surveillance and monitoring
Monitoring's limited abilities
CHAPTER 13. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
The classical method
Epidemiology of malformation communities
Familial studies
Pyloric stenosis
Clefts of the lip and palate
Neural tube defects
CHAPTER 14. HUMAN DISEASE AS TERATOGEN
Phenylketonuria
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Hyperthermia
CHAPTER 15. ENVIRO
"Reprinted from the journal: Neurotoxicology and teratology, vol. 25, issue 2 (2003)"--T.p.verso