...development of productive forces is the major element in historical change. Polanyi rightly points out that "the road to the free market was opened and kept...open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism" (1944: 140), but, consistent with liberal conceptions of...

...free trade was created by government intervention. Polanyi pointed this out a long time ago, observing that the "road to the free market was opened and kept...open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism."5 "branch plants" in other countries. These subsidiaries...

...Smith's "natural propensity to truck and barter" had not sufficed to produce free markets in England. "The road to the free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism" (1957:140). A passionate exponent of free trade agrees that...

...in contrast, argues Polanyi (1969: 12), the road to the free market in the early nineteenth century was: opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism. To make Adam Smith's 'simple and natural liberty' compatible...

...nineteenth-century Europe, Karl Polanyi famously referred to the necessary intervention of the state: "The road to the free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism. To make Adam Smith's 'simple and natural liberty' compatible...

...state and market by quoting from such figures as Karl Polanyi, who in The Great Transformation wrote 'The road to the free market was opened and kept open...centrally organised and controlled interventionism' and Max Weber, writing in Economy and Society that 'Capitalism and bureaucracy have found each other...

...account of the rise of the first phase of the free market in mid-nineteenth-century England reminds us, 'The road to the free market was opened and kept open...centrally organised and controlled interventionism. To make Adam Smith's "simple and natural liberty" compatible with the needs of a human society was...

...in the United States and Japan (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1991). 56 As Polanyi notes: "The road to the free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled intervention . . . Thus even those who wished most ardently to free the state...

...free markets could never come into being merely by allowing things to take their course (p. 139)... The road to the free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism (p. 140)... A market economy must comprise all elements of...

...the natural condition, while state-regulated markets are artificial. Contrary to that, Polanyi argued that ' [t]he road to the free market was opened and...in continuous, centrally organised and controlled interventionism.'54 Thus, markets have a tendency towards regulation and all markets in history have...