...environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation." The precautionary principle places the burden of proof not on the public but on the entities proposing...

...definition of the precautionary principle found in the Rio Declaration is perhaps the most commonly cited: 'Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.' 14 The Rio approach is often categorised as a weak approach to the precautionary principle, characterised...

...environment, namely, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. It states the principle this way: "Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation" (United Nations, 1992: Annex I, Principle 15). Cranor (1999) notices that this statement of the principle...

...reference to the precautionary approach in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration, it is stated that: 'Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation' (emphasis added). 10 On the issue of the precautionary principle, cost-benefit analysis and proportionality,...

...on environment and development in Rio de Janeiro. The so-called Rio Declaration (1992) states that [w]here there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. 42 This formulation is explicitly mentioned in the bulk of the academic articles on the principle,...

...environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capability. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...costeffective measures to prevent environmental degradation." Some people have argued that this definition is legally unenforceable [67], whereas others say it is...

...environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capability. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (United Nations, 1992) In Chapter 7 I will examine how risk assessment of chemicals is carried out....

...notable inclusion in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, which states: "Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation" (United Nations 1992d). The principle's application arguably presents the biggest challenge to trade...

...environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Principle 16 National authorities should endeavor to promote the internalization of environmental costs...

...peacetime. The precautionary principle is stated in Principle 15 of the 1992 Rio Declaration95 as follows: 'Where there are threats of serious or irreversible...cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.' The earliest environmental protection measures were put into place following scientific assessments...