...for allocation of emissions from international aviation (ICAO. 1998b). 10 3. Framework for Evaluation economic instruments, taking into account the approach...should. in principle, bear the cost of pollution...." (Principle 16) The UNFCCC provides further guidance on the thinking underlying the precautionary principle...

...even when there is no conclusive evidence to prove a causal relation between inputs and their effects. Taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, each Party shall endeavour to promote practices whereby those it has authorized to engage in dumping...

...environmental degradation. Principle 16 National authorities should endeavour to promote the Lnternalisation of environmental costs and the use- of economic instruments,...the approach that the polluter should, in principle, K-.ir the Ln-r <>t pollution, with due regard to the public interior and without distorting international...

...Declaration on Environment and Development, which advocates "the internalization of environmental costs . . . taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle bear the cost of pollution. . . ." It is one thing to internalize environmental protection costs; it is another to internalize...

...sustainable development. • National authorities should endeavor to promote the internalization of costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should bear the cost of pollution. • Environmental impact assessment shall be undertaken for proposed activities...

...apply." In one of the more innovative principles, the Declaration calls on national authorities to "endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, 274 World Economic Issues taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle,...

..."Polluter-Pays" Principle Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration provides that "national authorities should endeavor to promote the internalization of environmental costs...interest and without distorting international trade and investment."33 If this principle were seriously applied to global warming, the United States would...

...Principle 16: "National authorities should endeavour to promote the intemalisation of enviromaental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking...the approach that the polluter should, in principle, hear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the puhlic mterests and without distortmg international...

...Declaration, which provides that: National authorities should endeavour to promote the internalisation of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments,...approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the costs of pollution, with due regard to the public interests and, without distorting international trade...

...official to be "prohibitive" Ibid. " "Nanonal authorines should endeavor to promote the mtemalisanon of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polloter should, in prniciple, bear the cost of pollotion, with due regard to the public interest and...