Scientific Integrity and Public Trust: The Science Behind Federal Policies and Mandates : Case Study 2--climate Models and Projections of Potential Impacts of Global Climate Change : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session, November 16, 1995, Volume 4U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996 - 1190 pages |
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Page 28
... observed data . If this issue had not been politicized before the hypotheses and observations could naturally converge , global warming would just be another interesting example of applied physical science . Unfortunately , that is not ...
... observed data . If this issue had not been politicized before the hypotheses and observations could naturally converge , global warming would just be another interesting example of applied physical science . Unfortunately , that is not ...
Page 29
... observed warming is 0.5 ° C . As a graphic example of this , note the difference between the greenhouse warming model of Manabe et al . ( 1991 ) , which was heavily cited by the U.N. in 1992 , and observed temperatures as sensed by ...
... observed warming is 0.5 ° C . As a graphic example of this , note the difference between the greenhouse warming model of Manabe et al . ( 1991 ) , which was heavily cited by the U.N. in 1992 , and observed temperatures as sensed by ...
Page 30
... Observed Temperatures ( Satellite ) -.6 . -.8 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 1.4 1.2 21 GCM Predicted Temperatures o Observed Temperatures ( Satellite ) 12 .8 .6 ...
... Observed Temperatures ( Satellite ) -.6 . -.8 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 1.4 1.2 21 GCM Predicted Temperatures o Observed Temperatures ( Satellite ) 12 .8 .6 ...
Page 31
... observed climate of the last quarter century " -in other words , it was predicting too much warming . They did find that model " B " , which appears to calculate only 1.7 ° C of warming , was consistent with the climate of the last ...
... observed climate of the last quarter century " -in other words , it was predicting too much warming . They did find that model " B " , which appears to calculate only 1.7 ° C of warming , was consistent with the climate of the last ...
Page 38
... observed over regions and seasons where precipitation has not increased " . Page 25 , lines 10-14 . Mastenbrook ... observations , that the circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is more consistent with a greenhouse alteration than is ...
... observed over regions and seasons where precipitation has not increased " . Page 25 , lines 10-14 . Mastenbrook ... observations , that the circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is more consistent with a greenhouse alteration than is ...
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adaptation aerosols AGBM agencies agriculture analysis anthropogenic areas atmosphere biomass carbon dioxide century climate models climate system CO₂ emissions coastal communications concentrations Convention costs Dana Rohrabacher decades developing countries economic ecosystems effects emission reduction energy efficiency environmental estimates expected factors forestry forests fossil fuel future gases Gigagrams Global Change Research global climate models global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions impacts implementation important improved increase industrial inventory IPCC IPCC Working Group issue land methane mitigation natural NIERENBERG ocean OECD options Panel Parties period policies and measures population potential predictions production projected radiative forcing range reduce regional response ROHRABACHER SBSTA scenarios Science scientific scientists sea level rise Second Assessment Report secretariat sector simulations sources studies Summary for Policymakers technical technologies temperature transport uncertainties understanding United USGCRP variability weather
Popular passages
Page 354 - Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
Page 315 - Convention related to financial resources and transfer of technology and will take fully into account the fact that economic and social development and eradication of poverty are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties.
Page 662 - ... climate change and mitigate its adverse effects, where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost. 'To achieve this, such policies and measures should take into account different socio-economic contexts, be comprehensive, cover all...
Page 349 - Our ability to quantify the human influence on global climate is currently limited because the expected signal is still emerging from the noise of natural variability, and because there are uncertainties in key factors. These include the magnitude and patterns of longterm...
Page 662 - In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
Page 912 - The ultimate objective of the Convention is to achieve the 'stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate...
Page 681 - Affirming that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and economic development in an integrated manner with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on the latter, taking into full account the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty...
Page 667 - desertification' means land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities...
Page 234 - Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services...
Page 349 - Nevertheless, the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate