Athenian DemocracyP. J. Rhodes Edinburgh University Press, 2019 M08 7 - 304 pages Athens' democracy developed during the sixth and fifth centuries and continued into the fourth; Athens' defeat by Macedon in 322 began a series of alternations between democracy and oligarchy. The democracy was inseparably bound up with the ideals of liberty and equality, the rule of law, and the direct government of the people by the people. Liberty meant above all freedom of speech, the right to be heard in the public assembly and the right to speak one's mind in private. Equality meant the equal right of the male citizens (perhaps 60,000 in the fifth century, 30,000 in the fourth) to participate in the government of the state and the administration of the law. Disapproved of as mob rule until the nineteenth century, the institutions of Athenian democracy have become an inspiration for modern democratic politics and political philosophy. P. J. Rhodes's reader focuses on the political institutions, political activity, history, and nature of Athenian democracy and introduces some of the best British, American, German and French scholarship on its origins, theory and practice. Part I is devoted to political institutions: citizenship, the assembly, the law-courts, and capital punishment. Part II explores aspects of political activity: the demagogues and their relationship with the assembly, the manoeuvrings of the politicians, competitive festivals, and the separation of public from private life. Part III looks at three crucial points in the development of the democracy: the reforms of Solon, Cleisthenes and Ephialtes. Part IV considers what it was in Greek life that led to the development of democracy. Some of the authors adopt broad-brush approaches to major questions; others analyse a particular body of evidence in detail. Use is made of archaeology, comparison with other societies, the location of festivals in their civic context, and the need to penetrate behind what the classical Athenians made of their past. |
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Page 46
... examples may serve. (a) In the Swiss Landsgemeinden (attended by several thousand citizens) the vote is taken by a show of hands and the votes are not counted (Ryffel 107–10, 314–15). The majority is assessed by the Landamman (Glarus ...
... examples may serve. (a) In the Swiss Landsgemeinden (attended by several thousand citizens) the vote is taken by a show of hands and the votes are not counted (Ryffel 107–10, 314–15). The majority is assessed by the Landamman (Glarus ...
Page 48
... example, was found guilty by a majority of sixty votes (Plat. Ap. 36a). whereas Aeschines was acquitted by thirty votes (Plut. Mor. 840c). Cephisodotus escaped capital punishment by three votes only (Dem. 23.167), and Hyperides (3.28) ...
... example, was found guilty by a majority of sixty votes (Plat. Ap. 36a). whereas Aeschines was acquitted by thirty votes (Plut. Mor. 840c). Cephisodotus escaped capital punishment by three votes only (Dem. 23.167), and Hyperides (3.28) ...
Page 49
... example is an inscription from 20 22 † In addition to the nomoi prescribing psephophoria we have one example of a decree ordering that an ecclesia take the vote by ballot instead of by a show of hands, namely Callixenus' decree ordering ...
... example is an inscription from 20 22 † In addition to the nomoi prescribing psephophoria we have one example of a decree ordering that an ecclesia take the vote by ballot instead of by a show of hands, namely Callixenus' decree ordering ...
Page 50
... (to prevail); but, when Menecles objected under oath and the show of hands was taken again, the council's (proposal) was judged (to prevail).” 29 McDonald 61–62. 30 In Glarus, for example, when the 50 Political Institutions.
... (to prevail); but, when Menecles objected under oath and the show of hands was taken again, the council's (proposal) was judged (to prevail).” 29 McDonald 61–62. 30 In Glarus, for example, when the 50 Political Institutions.
Page 52
... example, when the Landammann is in doubt, he calls four members of the Regierungsrat, each of whom is entrusted with the assessment of roughly a fourth of the Ring. Cf. Stauffacher 311. Hyp. 1.9; that katatome designates the scarps of ...
... example, when the Landammann is in doubt, he calls four members of the Regierungsrat, each of whom is entrusted with the assessment of roughly a fourth of the Ring. Cf. Stauffacher 311. Hyp. 1.9; that katatome designates the scarps of ...
Contents
1 | |
13 | |
PART II POLITICAL ACTIVITY | 159 |
PART III MOMENTS IN HISTORY | 237 |
PART IV A VIEW OF DEMOCRACY | 325 |
Intellectual Chronology | 349 |
Bibliography | 352 |
Index | 356 |
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activity actual allotment ancient archon argues Aristotle assembly Athenian Athens attempt barley called citizens classical Cleisthenes competition Constitution Council count courts decision deme democracy democratic demos Demosthenes dikasts discussion doubt eisangelia evidence example fact festival fifth century five four fourth century give given Greek hands Hesperia Hundred IG ii2 important individual institutions interest jury kind kleroteria later leaders least less lines majority means officials originally Oxford particular perhaps period person Plut political poor possible practice present probably problem procedure proposal punishment question reason references reforms regard remained Rhodes rooms says seems Solon sources speech suggests taken tickets tribe University vote whole