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JOURNAL OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

The SECOND SESSION of the EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS commenced this day, conformably to the joint
resolution fixing the date of meeting of the first regular session of the Eighty-sixth Congress, approved
September 21, 1959, and the Senate met in its Chamber at the city of Washington.

1

From the State of Wyoming:

Messrs. JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY and GALE W. MCGEE.

A quorum being present,

DEATH OF SENATOR LANGER OF NORTH

DAKOTA

Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota announced the death of Hon. WILLIAM LANGER, late a Senator from the State of North Dakota, which occurred on November 8, 1959, in Washington, D.C., and submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 203):

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow and deep regret the announcement of the death of Hon. WILLIAM LANGER, late a Senator from the State of North Dakota.

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased.

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, the Senate, at the conclusion of its business today, do adjourn.

SENATOR-DESIGNATE FROM NORTH DAKOTA Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota presented the credentials of Hon. NORMAN BRUNSDALE, appointed by the Governor of the State of North Dakota on November 19, 1959, to represent the said State in the Senate of the United States, until the vacancy therein caused by the death of WILLIAM LANGER is filled by election as provided by law; which were read and ordered to be placed on file.

Mr. BRUNSDALE appeared and, the oath prescribed by law having been administered to him by the Vice President and subscribed by him, he took his seat in the Senate.

NOTIFICATION TO THE PRESIDENT

Mr. JOHNSON of Texas submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 204), which was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to:

Resolved, That a committee consisting of two Senators be appointed by the Vice President to join such committee as may be appointed by the House of Representatives to wait upon the President of the United States and inform him that a quorum of each House is assembled and that the Congress is ready to receive any communication he may be pleased to make.

The VICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. JOHNSON of Texas and Mr. DIRKSEN as the members of the committee on the part of the Senate.

NOTIFICATION TO THE HOUSE

Mr. DIRKSEN submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 205), which was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to:

Resolved, That the Secretary inform the House of Representatives that a quorum of the Senate is assembled and that the Senate is ready to proceed to business.

HOUR OF DAILY MEETING Mr. MANSFIELD submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 206), which

was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to:

Resolved, That the hour of daily meeting of the Senate be 12 o'clock meridian unless otherwise ordered.

ADJOURNMENT

On motion by Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the late Senator LANGER, under the order of today,

The Senate adjourned.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 7, 1960

The VICE PRESIDENT called the Senate to order and the Chaplain offered prayer.

THE JOURNAL

On motion by Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, and by unanimous consent,

The reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Wednesday, January 6, 1960, was dispensed with.

ATTENDANCE OF SENATORS

Mr. CLINTON P. ANDERSON, from the State of New Mexico, Mr. HARRY FLOOD BYRD from the State of Virginia, Mr. HOMER E. CAPEHART, from the State of Indiana, Mr. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, from the State of Oregon, and Mr. JOHN F. KENNEDY, from the State of Massachusetts, attended.

REPORT OF NOTIFICATION COMMITTEE Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, from the committee appointed to join a similar committee appointed by the House of Representatives to wait upon the President of the United States and inform him that a quorum of each House is assembled and ready to proceed to business, reported that they had performed that duty, and the President had requested them to state that he will communicate to the Congress in person at 12:30 p.m. today.

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE

A message from the House of Representatives by Mr. Maurer, one of its clerks:

Mr. President: I am directed to inform the Senate that a quorum of the House of Representatives has appeared and that the House is ready to proceed with business.

I am also directed to inform the Senate that the House has passed the following resolution:

Resolved, That a committee of three Members be appointed by the Speaker on the part of the House of Representatives to join with a committee on the part of the Senate to notify the President of the United States that a quorum of each House has been assembled, and that Congress is ready to receive any communication that he may be pleased to make.

The House has passed the following bills, in which it requests the concurrence of the Senate:

H.R. 5349. An act to provide for the conveyance to Orange County, Calif., of all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to certain real property situated in Orange County, Calif.; and

H.R. 8289. An act to accelerate the commencing date of civil service retirement annuities, and for other purposes.

The House has agreed to the following concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 443), in which it requests the concurrence of the Senate:

Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That the two Houses of Congress assemble in the Hall of the House of Representatives on Thursday, January 7, 1960, at 12:30 o'clock postmeridian, for the purpose of receiving such communications as the President of the United States shall be pleased to make to them.

The House has passed the following resolutions, which I am directed to communicate to the Senate:

House Resolution 401

Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Honorable CHARLES A. BOYLE, a Representative from the State of Illinois.

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased.

House Resolution 402 Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Honorable STEVEN V. CARTER, a Representative from the State of Iowa.

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased.

House Resolution 403

Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Honorable ALVIN R. BUSH, a Representative from the State of Pennsylvania.

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased.

HOUSE BILLS REFERRED

The bills this day received from the House of Representatives for concurrence were read the first and second times by unanimous consent,

Ordered, That the bill H.R. 5394 be referred to the Committee on Public Works; and

That the bill H.R. 8289 be referred to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO HOUSES
On motion by Mr. JOHNSON of

Texas,

The VICE PRESIDENT ksid before the Senate the concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 443) that the two Houses of Congress assemble in the Hall of the House of Representatives on Thursday, January 7, 1960, at 12:30 o'clock in the afternoon, this day received from the House of Representatives for concurrence; which was read.

The Senate proceeded to consider the said concurrent resolution; and

Resolved, That the Senate agree thereto.

Ordered, That the Secretary notify the House of Representatives thereof.

ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT On motion by Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, at 12 o'clock and 8 minutes p.m.,

The Senate proceeded to the Hall of the House of Representatives for the joint session of the two Houses, authorized by House Concurrent Resolution 443, for the purpose of receiving a communication from the President of the United States; and

The two Houses having assembled, The President of the United States addressed them, as follows:

Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the 86th Congress, my fellow citizens, 7 years ago I entered my present office with one long-held resolve overriding all others. I was then, and remain now, determined that the United States shall become an ever-more potent resource for the cause of peace-realizing that peace cannot be for ourselves alone, but for peoples everywhere. This determination is, I know, shared by the entire Congress-indeed, by all Americans.

My purpose today is to discuss some features of America's position both at home and in her relations to others.

First, I point out that for us, annual self-examination is made a definite necessity by the fact that we now live in a divided world of uneasy equilibrium, with our side committed to its own protection and against aggression by the other.

With both sections of this divided world in possession of unbelievably destructive weapons, mankind approaches a state where mutual annihilation becomes a possibility. No other fact of today's world equals this in importanceit colors everything we say, plan, and do. There is demanded of us vigilance, determination, and the dedication of whatever portion of our resources that will provide adequate security, especially provide a real deterrent to aggression. These things we are doing.

All these facts emphasize the importance of striving incessantly for a just peace.

Only through the strengthening of the spiritual, intellectual, economic, and defensive resources of the free world can we, in confidence, make progress toward this goal.

Second, we note that recent Soviet deportment and pronouncements suggest the possible opening of a somewhat less strained period in the relationships between the Soviet Union and the rest of the world. If these pronouncements be genuine, there is brighter hope of diminishing the intensity of past rivalry and eventually of substituting persuasion for coercion. Whether this is to become an era of lasting promise remains to be tested by actions.

Third, we now stand in the vestibule of a vast new technological age-one that, despite its capacity for human destruction, has an equal capacity to make poverty and human misery obsolete. If our efforts are wisely directed-and if our unremitting efforts for dependable

peace begin to attain some success-we can surely become participants in creating an age characterized by justice and rising levels of human well-being.

Over the past year the Soviet Union has expressed an interest in measures to reduce the common peril of war.

While neither we nor any other free world nation can permit ourselves to be misled by pleasant promises until they are tested by performance, yet we approach this apparently new opportunity with the utmost seriousness. We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.

Though the need for dependable agreements to assure against resort to force in settling disputes is apparent to both sides yet as in other issues dividing men and nations, we cannot expect sudden and revolutionary results. But we must find some place to begin.

One obvious road on which to make a useful start is in the widening of communication between our two peoples. In this field there are, both sides willing, countless opportunities-most of them well known to us all-for developing mutual understanding, the true foundation of peace.

Another avenue may be through the reopening, on January 12, of negotiations looking to a controlled ban on the testing of nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, the closing statement from the Soviet scientists who met with our scientists at Geneva gives the clear impression that their conclusions have been politically guided. Those of the British and American scientific representatives are their own freely formed, individual and collective opinions. I am hopeful that, as new negotiations begin, truth-not political opportunism-will guide the deliberations.

Still another field may be found in the field of disarmament, in which the Soviets have professed a readiness to negotiate seriously. They have not, however, made clear the plans they may have, if any, for mutual inspection and verification-the essential condition for any extensive measure of disarmament.

There is one instance where our initiative for peace has recently been successful. A multilateral treaty signed last month provides for the exclusively peaceful use of Antarctica, assured by a system of inspection. It provides for free and cooperative scientific research in that continent, and prohibits nuclear explosions there pending general international agreement on the subject. I shall transmit its text to the Senate for consideration and approval in the near future. The treaty is a significant contribution toward peace, international cooperation, and the advancement of science.

The United States is always ready to participate with the Soviet Union in serious discussion of these or any other subjects that may lead to peace with justice.

Certainly it is not necessary to repeat that the United States has no intention of interfering in the internal affairs of any nation; by the same token we reject

any attempt to impose its system on us or on other peoples by force or subversion.

This concern for the freedom of other peoples is the intellectual and spiritual cement which has allied us with more than 40 other nations in a common defense effort. Not for a moment do we forget that our own fate is firmly fastened to that of these countries; we will not act in any way which would jeopardize our solemn commitments to them.

We and our friends are, of course, concerned with self-defense. Growing out of this concern is the realization that all people of the free world have a great stake in the progress, in freedom, of the uncommitted and newly emerging nations. These peoples, desperately hoping to lift themselves to decent levels of living must not, by our neglect, be forced to seek help from, and finally become virtual satellites of, those who proclaim their hostility to freedom.

Their natural desire for a better life must not be frustrated by withholding from them necessary technical and investment assistance. This is a problem to be solved not by America alone, but also by every nation cherishing the same ideals and in position to provide help.

In recent years America's partners and friends in Western Europe and Japan have made great economic progress. Their newly found economic strength is eloquent testimony to the striking success of the policies of economic cooperation which we and they have pursued.

The international economy of 1960 is markedly different from that of the early postwar years. No longer is the United States the only major industrial country capable of providing substantial amounts of the resources so urgently needed in the newly developing countries. To remain secure and prosperous themselves, wealthy nations must extend the kind of cooperation to the less fortunate members that will inspire hope, confidence, and progress. A rich nation can for a time, without noticeable damage to itself, pursue a course of selfindulgence, making its single goal the material ease and comfort of its own citizens-thus repudiating its own spiritual and material stake in a peaceful and prosperous society of nations. But the enmities it will incur, the isolation into which it will descend, and the internal moral, spiritual, economic, and political softness that will be engendered, will, in the long term, bring it to disaster.

America did not become great through softness and self-indulgence. Her miraculous progress and achievements flow from other qualities far more worthy and substantial

Adherence to principles and methods consonant with our religious philosophy;

A satisfaction in hard work;

The readiness to sacrifice for worthwhile causes;

The courage to meet every challenge;

The intellectual honesty and capacity to recognize the true path of her own best interests.

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