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commerce between points within the same State through any place outside such State; and all other commerce over which the United States has jurisdiction.

(c) This section shall not be construed to repeal, modify or affect section 17 of Title 15, sections 52, 101-115, 151-166 of Title 29 or sections 151-188 of Title 45. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 793.)

§ 1952. Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises.

(a) Whoever travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses any facilitiy in interstate or foreign commerce, including the mail, with intent to

(1) distribute the proceeds of any unlawful activity; or

(2) commit any crime of violence to further any unlawful activity; or

(3) otherwise promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the promotion, management, establishment, or carrying on, of any unlawful activity,

and thereafter performs or attempts to perform any of the acts specified in subparagraphs (1), (2), and (3), shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.

(b) As used in this section "unlawful activity" means (1) any business enterprise involving gambling, liquor on which the Federal excise tax has not been paid, narcotics, or controlled substances (as defined in section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act) or prostitution offenses in violation of the laws of the State in which they are committed or of the United States, or (2) extortion, bribery, or arson in violation of the laws of the State in which committed or of the United States.

(c) Investigations of violations under this section involving liquor shall be conducted under the supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury. (Added Pub. L. 87-228, § 1(a), Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 498, and amended Pub. L. 89-68, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 91-513, title II, § 701 (i) (2), Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1282.)

§ 1953. Interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia.

(a) Whoever, except a common carrier in the usual course of its business, knowingly carries or sends in interstate or foreign commerce any record, paraphernalia, ticket, certificate, bills, slip, token, paper, writing, or other device used, or to be used, or adapted, devised, or designed for use in (a) bookmaking; or (b) wagering pools with respect to a sporting event; or (c) in a numbers, policy, bolita, or similar game shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years or both.

(b) This section shall not apply to (1) parimutuel betting equipment, parimutuel tickets where legally acquired, or parimutuel materials used or designed for use at racetracks or other sporting events in connection with which betting is legal under applicable State law, or (2) the transportation of betting materials to be used in the placing of bets or wagers on a sporting event into a State in which such betting is legal under the statutes of that State, or (3) the carriage or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce of any newspaper or similar publication.

(c) Nothing contained in this section shall create immunity from criminal prosecution under any laws of any State, Commonwealth of

Puerto Rico, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia. (Added Pub. L. 87-218, § 1, Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 492.)

§ 1954. Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence operations of employee benefit plan.

Whoever being—

(1) an administrator, officer, trustee, custodian, counsel, agent, or employee of any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan; or

(2) an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of an employer or an employer any of whose employees are covered by such plan; or (3) an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of an employee organization any of whose members are covered by such plan; or

(4) a person who, or an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of an organization which, provides benefit plan services to such plan receives or agrees to receive or solicits any fee, kickback, commission, gift, loan, money, or thing of value because of or with intent to be inHluenced with respect to, any of the actions, decisions, or other duties relating to any question or matter concerning such plan or any person who directly or indirectly gives or offers, or promises to give or offer, any fee, kickback, commission, gift, loan, money, or thing of value prohibited by this section, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both: Provided, That this section shall not prohibit the payment to or acceptance by any person of bona fide salary, compensation, or other payments made for goods or facilities actually furnished or for services actually performed in the regular course of his duties as such person, administrator, officer, trustee, custodian, counsel, agent, or employee of such plan, employer, employee organization, or organization providing benefit plan services to such plan.

As used in this section, the term (a) "any employee welfare benefit plan" or "employee pension benefit plan" means any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, as amended, and (b) "employee organization" and "administrator" as defined respectively in sections 3(3) and 5(b) (1) and (2) of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, as amended. (Added Pub. L. 87-420, § 17(e), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 42, and amended Pub. L. 91-452, title II, § 225, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 930.)

§ 1955. Prohibition of illegal gambling business.

(a) Whoever conducts, finances, manages, supervises, directs, or owns all or part of an illegal gambling business shall be fined not more than $20,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

(b) As used in this section

(1) "illegal gambling business" means a gambling business which

(i) is a violation of the law of a State or political subdivision in which it is conducted;

(ii) involves five or more persons who conduct, finance, manage, supervise, direct, or own all or part of such business; and

(iii) has been or remains in substantially continuous operation for a period in excess of thirty days or has a gross revenue of $20,000 in any single day.

(2) "gambling" includes but is not limited to pool-selling, book making, maintaining slot machines, roulette wheels or dice tables, and conducting lotteries, policy, bolita or numbers games, or selling chances therein.

(3) "State" means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.

(c) If five or more persons conduct, finance, manage, supervise, direct, or own all or part of a gambling business and such business operates for two or more successive days, then, for the purpose of obtaining warrants for arrests, interceptions, and other searches and seizures, probable cause that the business receives gross revenue in excess of $2,000 in any single day shall be deemed to have been established.

(d) Any property, including money, used in violation of the provisions of this section may be seized and forfeited to the United States. All provisions of law relating to the seizures, summary, and judicial forfeiture procedures, and condemnation of vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage for violation of the customs laws; the disposition of such vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage or the proceeds from such sale; the remission or mitigation of such forfeitures; and the compromise of claims and the award of compensation to informers in respect of such forfeitures shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred or alleged to have been incurred under the provisions of this section, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with such provisions. Such duties as are imposed upon the collector of customs or any other person in respect to the seizure and forfeiture of vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage under the customs laws shall be performed with respect to seizures and forfeitures of property used or intended for use in violation of this section by such officers, agents, or other persons as may be designated for that purpose by the Attorney General.

(e) This section shall not apply to any bingo game, lottery, or similar game of chance conducted by an organization exempt from tax under paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, if no part of the gross receipts derived from such activity inures to the benefits of any private shareholder, member, or employee of such organization except as compensation for actual expenses incurred by him in the conduct of such activity. (Added Pub. L. 91-452, title VIII, § 803 (a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 937.)

ANTI-KICKBACK LAW AND COPELAND ACT

Act of June 25, 1948, 18 U.S.C. 874; Act of June 13, 1934, as amended, 40 U.S.C. 276c; Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 (15 F.R. 3176, 64 Stat. 1267)

Summary and Description

PERSONS AND EMPLOYMENT COVERED

These laws cover not only direct Federal public building and public work but also all work financed in whole or in part with Federal funds, loans, or grants.

ENFORCEMENT

The Government agencies that let the contracts are primarily responsible for obtaining compliance with these laws and the regulations of the Secretary of Labor.

ANTI-KICKBACK LAW

This law makes it punishable by a fine up to $5,000 or by imprisonment up to 5 years, or both, for anyone, by force, intimidation, threat of procuring dismissal from employment or by any other manner whatsoever, to induce an employee on work covered by the law to give up any part of the compensation to which he has a right under his contract of employment.

COPELAND ACT

This act authorizes the Secretary of Labor to make reasonable regulations for contractors and subcontractors engaged in construction covered by the act. These regulations (29 CFR 3) show under what conditions deductions from wages are and are not permitted, require the contractors to present evidence that proposed deductions are proper ones, and require approval of the Department of Labor for such deductions. The act also requires the contractors to file weekly statements with respect to the wages paid each employee during the preceding week. The regulations require payroll records showing the information needed to determine whether required wages are being paid. The requirements of these regulations are made a part of every contract for a Federal or Federal-aid job.

Antikickback Act

(Section No. refers to Title 18, U.S. Code)

8 874 Kickbacks from public works employees.

Whoever, by force, intimidation, or threat of procuring dismissal from employment, or by any other manner whatsoever induces any

person employed in the construction, prosecution, completion or repair of any public building, public work, or building or work financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the United States, to give up any part of the compensation to which he is entitled under his contract of employment, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 740.) Copeland Act

(Section No. refers to Title 40, U.S. Code)

§ 276c. Regulations governing contractors and subcontractors. The Secretary of Labor shall make reasonable regulations for contractors and subcontractors engaged in the construction, prosecution, completion or repair of public buildings, public works or buildings or works financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the United States, including a provision that each contractor and subcontractor shall furnish weekly a statement with respect to the wages paid each employee during the preceding week. Section 1001 of Title 18 shall apply to such statements. (June 13, 1934, ch. 482, § 2, 48 Stat. 948; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 134, 63 Stat. 108; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85-800, § 12, 72 Stat. 967.)

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