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techniques on the design and fabrication of a large use of COMPAX, has been written for CDC 3600 scale military computer." (Malbrain, 1959, p. 4-1). system at the

the Tata Institute of Fundamental “The new EDP Machine Logic and Control Research, Bombay.” (Narasimhan, 1966, p. 171). Simulator, LOCS, is designed to facilitate the simu

At IBM, there has been developed a computer lation of data processing systems and logic on the IBM 7090 Data Processing System . . . The inputs

program for image-forming systems simulation of LOCS consist of a description of the machine to

(IMSIM/1), so that the photo-optical design engineer be simulated, coded in LOCS language, and a set of

can study performance before such systems are

actually built (Paris, 1966). test programs coded in either the procedure language of the test problems (e.g., FORTRAN) or in

7.37 “The first model developed matches the instruction language of the simulated ma

CTSS ... Next, a simple, first-come, first-served chine . . . The outputs of LOCS consist of the per- round-robin scheduling procedure will be subformance statistics, computation results, and stituted. Then, a model which incorporates multidiagnostic data which are relevant to both the test

programming techniques with the CTSS hardware programs and the design of the simulated machine.”

configuration will be developed. Finally, a simple (Zucker, 1965, pp. 403-404).

continuous-time Markov model will be used to repre.

sent both single-processor and multiple-processor 7.33 “... A system of software and hardware

time-shared systems. which simulates, with a few exceptions, a multiple set of IBM System/360 computing systems (hard- "The primary result obtained is that it is possible ware and software) that are simultaneously available to successfully model users of interactive computer to many users.” (Lindquist et al., 1966, p. 1775). systems and systems themselves with a good degree 7.34 “Another simulation program designed to

of accuracy using relatively simple models." (Scherr,

1965, p. 31). simulate multiprocessor systems is being developed by R. Goldstein at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. "The final model to be simulated will represent a Written in SIMTRAN, this program is specifically system in which swapping and processor operation designed to simulate the OCTOPUS computer are overlapped. While a program is being run by system at LRL which includes an IBM 7030 the processor, the program which was running STRETCH, two IBM 7094's, two CDC 6600's, one previously is dumped and the next program to run CDC 3600, two PDP 6's, an IBM 1401, and various is loaded. Since loading and dumping cannot occur I/O devices. A parameterized input table specifies simultaneously, there must be room in the core the general multiprocessing configuration, the data memory for at least two complete user programstransmission rates, memory sizes and buffer sizes. the program being dumped or loaded. Should two Any other hardware variations and operating system programs intended to run in sequence not fit together characteristics are introduced with SIMTRAN

in the core memory, the processor must be stopped routines. As output the program produces figures on to complete the swapping.” (Scherr, 1965, pp. actual memory utilization, graphs of memory access 40-41). time, graphs of overhead, graphs of response time, and graphs of several other relevant variables."

Other examples of experiments in computer (Huesmann and Goldberg, 1967, p. 153).

simulation of multiple access and time-shared

systems include the following: “The development of 7.35 “One of the more exotic applications of

the simulation program now provides a first-comedigital computers is to simulate a digital computer

first-serve queue unloading strategy. Continuing on another entirely different type of computer. Using

effort, however, will provide for optional strategies, a simulation program, application programs devel

e.g., selecting the data unit with the shortest servicoped for the first computer, the source computer, ing time, consideration of what flow will minimize may be executed on a second computer, the object idle time at the central processor etc.” (Blunt, 1965, computer." (Trimble, 1965, p. 18).

7.36 “The flexibility of a digital computer enables “Project MAC is using a display to show the one to try out complicated picture processing dynamic activity of jobs within its scheduling schemes with a relatively small amount of effort. algorithm. Watching this display, one can see jobs To facilitate this simulation, a digital picture scanner moving to higher and lower priority queues as time and cathode-ray tube display was constructed. passes.” (Sutherland, 1965, p. 13). Pictures were scanned with this system, the signal

7.38 “A great advance also is the wide applicawas recorded on a computer magnetic tape, and this tape was used as input to a program that simulated

tion of digital computers for the simulation of a picture-transmitting system.” (Huang and Tretiak,

recognizing and adaptive systems. Digital simula. 1965, pp. 45-46).

tion extraordinarily facilitates and accelerates

conducting experiments in this realm by permitting “Computer simulation of a letter generator using extremely effective experimental investigations the above grammar is a comparatively straight- without expenditure of materials and with little forward programming task. Such a program, making time spent.” (Kovalevsky, 1965, p. 42).

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p. 15).

9

Appendix B. Bibliography

9

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