Employment opportunities are changing rapidly because of inventions and progress made in automating industrial, clerical, and managerial processes. As a result of this, many persons can expect to change their occupations several times during their lifetime.

In my judgment, adaptability will be one of the most important requirements of future employees. For many people and many jobs, a high school education no longer provides an adequate basis for rapid, effective retraining.

Every State in the United States has established a system of higher education which provides at nominal cost higher education to its residents. This principle is fundamental to the American heritage and dates back to the establishment of land grants to colleges in our States. The citizens of the District of Columbia are the single exceptions; they do not have access to this national pattern of public 4-year colleges or junior colleges other than the limited teacher training opportunities offered by the District of Columbia Teachers College which, because of obsolete physical facilities, is inadequate to meet its needs. At the present time, the District of Columbia finds itself primarily dependent for higher educational opportunities upon the area colleges and universities-most of which are private institutions and thus imposing a burden of educational expenses upon the District of Columbia residents which for a vast majority is impossible. Further, educational institutions of these States are increasingly reluctant to provide opportunities for the citizens of other States and those who are accepted as nonresident students pay more than resident students. The private colleges and universities within the District of Columbia are not primarily responsible for the people of this city, and they have objectives, I believe, that are different from those of the publicly supported college.

The Nation's Capital should not have to depend upon adjacent States to provide for its educational needs and responsibilities. As a practical matter, the growing resistance of States to receive out-ofState students and the increasing tuition of the private colleges and universities clearly indicate that this city must provide for its own

educational needs.

I do not know of any valid reason why the Nation's Capital cannot or should not establish and operate first-rate schools of higher learning for the benefit of the residents of this city. This city provides unique resources and great repositories of information which can be found nowhere else in the country.

As I mentioned earlier, traditionally State governments and some of our larger cities have developed colleges, universities, and junior colleges to provide higher education opportunities for all citizens. The District of Columbia must not continue to fall short in this function for we have the dual obligations of a State and of a large city. We must fulfill our educational obligations to our citizens in the tradition of equal opportunity for all, no matter what those citizens' economic station in life may be.

As chairman of the Education Subcommittee of the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee and chairman of this Subcommittee on Public Health, Education, Welfare, and Safety of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, I pledge to the citizens of this great community my continued wholehearted support to alleviating the edu

cation crisis in the District of Columbia which exists from kindergarten through college level education.

I wish to proceed with dispatch. In some instances it will be necessary to limit the time of some witnesses but I want to have a full and comprehensive record.

There will be included at this point in the hearing record correspondence from the District of Columbia Commissioners on S. 293 and S. 1612. There will also be included in the record a report signed by Mr. Wesley S. Williams, President of the District of Columbia Board of Education, endorsing S. 293.

In addition there will be printed in the hearing record a booklet entitled, "A Report to the President," which is the final report of the President's Committee on Public Higher Education in the District of Columbia, published in June of 1964.

Senator Gale McGee, who cosponsored my bill, S. 293, desired very much to be here this morning to testify in support of S. 293. However, his busy schedule does not permit him to be here.

Therefore, he asked me to have his statement made a part of the hearing record on this legislation and I insert that statement at this point.

(The documents referred to follows:)

GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,

EXECUTIVE OFFICE,

Washington, D.C., May 18, 1965.

Hon. ALAN BIBLE,

Chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia,
U.S. Senate,

Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR BIBLE: The Commissioners of the District of Columbia have for report S. 293, a bill to authorize the establishment of a public community college and a public college of arts and sciences in the District of Columbia.

The first section of the bill gives it the title "District of Columbia Public Higher Education Act."

Section 2 contains definitions, "public college of arts and sciences," "public community college," "Board of Higher Education," and "Board of Education."

Section 3(a) provides for control of the colleges by a Board of Higher Education, consisting of nine members, not less than five being District residents for at least 5 years before appointment. The members are appointed by the judges of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia for 6-year terms, without compensation, and may be removed in the same manner as are members of the Board of Education, i.e., for cause.

Section 3(b) provides for a Board of Higher Education Nominating Committee of seven members, four of whom shall have been 5-year District residents at time of appointment. This Committee is also appointed by the judges. The members would serve 6-year terms, without compensation, and may be removed in the same manner as members of the Board of Education. The Committee is required to submit to the judges 27 initial nominees for the Board and thereafter 3 nominees for each vacancy.

Section 3(c) provides that the Commissioners and the Board of Education may furnish the Board of Higher Education available space, records, information, services, personnel, offices, and equipment.

Section 4 a) provides for the merger of the District of Columbia Teachers College into the public college of arts and sciences.

Section 4(b) continues the laboratory schools of the Teachers College under the control of the Board of Education.

Section 5(a) sets out powers of the Board of Higher Education which includes preparing plans for and establishing the colleges, appointing presidents of the colleges and administrative, educational and noneducational employees recommended by the presidents, accrediting junior colleges, awarding degrees from the public colleges and making necessary rules and regulations.

Section 5(b) provides for a 90-day waiting period between the time plans for the colleges are submitted to Congress and the establishment of the colleges.

in the hearing record a statement I made in the Senate when I introduced S. 293 on August 5, 1964.

(The documents referred to follow :)

[S. 293, 89th Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To authorize the establishment of a public community college and a public college of arts and sciences in the District of Columbia

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "District of Columbia Public Higher Education Act".

SEC. 2. As used in this Act

(a) The term "public college of arts and sciences" means an institution of higher education established pursuant to this Act and which is organized and administered principally to provide a four-year program in the liberal arts and sciences acceptable for a bachelor's degree, including, but not limited to, courses in teacher education, and such additional program of study as may be acceptable for a master's degree, and courses on an individual, noncredit basis to those desiring to further their education without seeking a degree.

(b) The term "public community college" means an institution of higher education established pursuant to this Act and which is organized and administered principally to provide a two-year program which is acceptable for full credit toward a bachelor's degree or for a degree of associate in arts, which program shall include, but shall not be limited to courses in business education, secretarial training, and business administration, and courses in engineering. mathematics, and the physical and biological sciences which are designed to prepare a student to work as a technician and at a semiprofessional level in engineering, scientific, and other technological fields requiring the understanding and application of basic engineering, scientific, or mathematical principles or knowledge, and which college also provides courses on an individual, noncredit basis for persons desiring to further their education without seeking a degree. (c) The terms "Board of Higher Education" and "Board" mean the Board of Higher Education established by section 3 of this Act.

(d) The term "Board of Education" means the Board of Education of the District of Columbia established by the Act of June 20, 1906 (34 Stat. 316), as amended (D.C. Code, sec. 31-101 et seq.).

SEC. 3. (a) The control of the public college of arts and sciences and of the public community college is hereby vested in a Board of Higher Education, which shall consist of nine members of whom not less than five shall have been residents of the District of Columbia for a period of not less than five years immediately prior to their appointments. The members of the Board (including all members appointed to fill vacancies on such Board) shall be appointed by the judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from a panel of nominees submitted to such judges pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. Such members shall be appointed for terms of six years; except that the terms of office of the members first taking office shall expire, as designated by the said judges at the time of appointment, three at the end of two years, three at the end of four years, and three at the end of six years. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of that term. Members of the Board shall serve without compensation, and may be removed in the same manner as that provided for members of the Board of Education under section 2 of the Act of June 20, 1906 (34 Stat. 316), as amended (D.C. Code, sec. 31–101).

(b) There is hereby established a committee to be known as the Board of Higher Education Nominating Committee, which shall consist of seven members of whom not less than four shall have been residents of the District of Columbia for a period of not less than five years immediately prior to their appointments The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia for terms of six years; except that the terms of office of three of the members first taking office shall expire, as designated by the said judges at the time of appointment, at the end of three years. Members of the Committee shall serve without compensation, and shall be subject to removal in the same manner as that provided for members of the Board of Education. The Committee shall elect a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its members. It shall be the duty of the Committee, as soon

as practicable following the enactment of this Act, to submit to the said judges a panel of not less than twenty-seven nominees for consideration as initial appointees to the Board and to thereafter submit to the judges, in connection with any vacancy on the Board, a panel of not less than three nominees for consideration by such judges in filling that vacancy.

(c) The Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the Board of Education may furnish to the Board of Higher Education, upon request of such Board, such space and facilities in public buildings of the government of the District of Columbia, records, information, services, personnel, offices, and equipment as the Commissioners and the Board of Education determine are available to enable the Board of Higher Education properly to perform its functions.

SEC. 4. (a) The Board of Higher Education shall, at such time as may be mutually agreed upon by the Board and the Board of Education, merge the District of Columbia Teachers' College (established pursuant to the Act of February 25, 1929 (45 Stat. 1276; D.C. Code, sec. 31-118)) into the public college of arts and sicences. At the time of such merger, all personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds available to, or to be made available to, such Teachers' College shall be transferred to, and shall be under the control of, the Board of Higher Education.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the laboratory schools in the District of Columbia shall remain under the control and management of, and the employees assigned to such schools shall remain subject to the supervision of, the Board of Education.

SEC. 5. (a) The Board of Higher Education is hereby vested with the following powers:

(1) To prepare plans for the establishment of a public college of arts and sciences (including the selection of a site), and, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, to establish, organize, and administer such college;

(2) To prepare plans for the establishment of a public community college (including the selection of a site), and, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, to establish, organize, and administer such college; (3) To fix, from time to time, tuition and fees to be paid by residents and nonresidents attending any such college, which tuition and fees shall be deposited to the credit of the general revenues of the District of Columbia. Tuition and fees charged nonresidents shall be fixed in such amounts as will, to the extent feasible, approximate the cost to the District of Columbia of the services for which such charges are imposed;

(4) To appoint, for a term of four years, a president for the public college of arts and sciences and a president for the public community college; (5) To appoint, promote, demote, transfer, suspend, or dismiss such administrative, educational, or noneducational employees of any college established pursuant to this Act as the president thereof may recommend in writing;

(6) To accredit junior colleges operating in the District of Columbia; (7) To award appropriate degree and certificates of completion of courses of study in the colleges established pursuant to this Act; and

(8) To make such rules and regulations as the Board deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(b) No action shall be taken with respect to the actual establishment of any college authorized under this Act prior to the expiration of ninety calendar days (which ninety days shall not include days on which either the Senate or the House of Representatives is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three calendar days to a day certain) after the plans for such college have been submitted to the Congress.

(c) The Board of Higher Education shall annually on the first day of October transmit to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia an estimate in detail of the amount of money required for the colleges established pursuant to this Act for the ensuing year, and the Commissioners shall transmit the same in their annual estimate of appropriations for the District of Columbia, with such recommendations as they may deem proper.

SEC. 6. All obligations and disbursements for the purposes of this Act shall be incurred, made, and accounted for in the same manner as other obligations and disbursements for the District of Columbia.

SEO. 7. (a) Subchapter 1 of chapter 18 of the Act of March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1280), as amended (D.C. Code, sec. 29-401-29-419), is amended (1) by striking