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(1) The term "major oil company" means any person who, individually or together with any other person with respect to which such person has an affiliate relationship or significant ownership interest, produced during a prior 6-month period specified by the Secretary, an average daily volume of 1,600,000 barrels of crude oil, natural gas liquids equivalents, and natural gas equivalents.

(2) One barrel of natural gas equivalent equals 5,626 cubic feet of natural gas measured at 14.73 pounds per square inch (MSL) and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

(3) One barrel of natural gas liquids equivalent equals 1.454 barrels of natural gas liquids at 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

(c) The Secretary may, in his discretion, consider a request from any person described in subsection (a) of this section for an exemption from the prohibition of this section. In considering any such request, the Secretary may exempt bidding for leases for lands in any area only if the Secretary finds, on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing, that

(1) such lands have extremely high cost exploration or development problems; and

(2) exploration and development will not occur on such lands unless such exemption is granted.

Findings of the Secretary under this subsection shall be final, and shall not be invalidated unless found to be arbitrary or capricious.

(d) This section shall not be construed to prohibit the unitization of producing fields to increase production or maximize ultimate recovery of oil or natural gas, or both.

(e) The Secretary shall study and report to the Congress, not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, with respect to the feasibility and desirability of extending the prohibition on joint bidding to

(1) bidding for any right to develop crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids on Federal lands other than those located on the Outer Continental Shelf; and

(2) bidding for any right to develop coal and oil shale on such lands.

[42 U.S.C. 6213]

PRODUCTION OF OIL OR GAS AT THE MAXIMUM EFFICIENT RATE AND TEMPORARY EMERGENCY PRODUCTION RATE

SEC. 106. (a)(1) The Secretary of the Interior, by rule on the record after an opportunity for a hearing, shall, to the greatest extent practicable, determine the maximum efficient rate of production and, if any, the temporary emergency production rate for each field on Federal lands which produces, or is determined to be capable of producing, significant volumes of crude oil or natural gas, or both.

(2) Except as provided in subsection (f), the President may, by rule or order, require crude oil or natural gas, or both, to be produced from fields on Federal lands designated by him—

(A) at the maximum efficient rate of production, and

(B) during a severe energy supply interruption, at the temporary emergency production rate,

as determined pursuant to paragraph (1) for such field.

(b)(1) Each State or the appropriate agency thereof may, for the purposes of this section, pursuant to procedures and standards established by the State, determine the maximum efficient rate of production and, if any, the temporary emergency production rate, for each field (other than a field on Federal lands) within such State which produces, or is determined to be capable of producing, significant volumes of crude oil or natural gas, or both.

(2) If a State or the appropriate agency thereof has determined the maximum efficient rate of production and, if any, the temporary emergency production rate, or both, or their equivalents (however characterized), for any field (other than a field on Federal lands) within such State, the President may, by rule or order, during a severe energy supply interruption, require the production of such fields at the rates of production established by the State. (c) With respect to any field, which produces, or is determined to be capable of producing, significant volumes of crude oil, or natural gas, or both, which field is unitized and is composed of both Federal lands and lands other than Federal lands and there has been no determination of the maximum efficient rate of production or the temporary emergency production rate of both, the Secretary of the Interior may, pursuant to subsection (a)(1), determine a maximum efficient rate of production and a temporary emergency production rate, if any, for such field. The President may, during a severe energy supply interruption by rule or order, require production at the maximum efficient rate of production and the temporary emergency production rate, if any, determined for such field.

(d) If loss of ultimate recovery of crude oil or natural gas, or both, occurs or will occur as the result of a rule or order under the authority of this section to produce at the temporary emergency production rate, the owner of any property right who considers himself damaged by such order may bring an action in a United States district court to recover just compensation, which shall be awarded if the court finds that such loss constitutes a taking of property compensable under the Constitution.

(e) As used in this section:

(1) The term "maximum efficient rate of production" means the maximum rate of production of crude oil or natural gas, or both, which may be sustained without loss of ultimate recovery of crude oil or natural gas, or both, under sound engineering and economic principles.

(2) The term "temporary emergency production rate" means the maximum rate of production for a field

(A) which rate is above the maximum efficient rate of production established for such field; and

(B) which may be maintained for a temporary period of less than 90 days without reservoir damage and without significant loss of ultimate recovery of crude oil or natural gas, or both, from such field.

(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the production of crude oil, or natural gas, or both, from any Naval Petroleum Reserve subject to the provisions of chapter 641 of title 10, United States Code.

SEC. 107. (a) No Governor of a State may issue any order or rule pursuant to section 125 of the Clean Air Act to any major fuel burning stationary source (or class or category thereof)

(1) prohibiting such source from using fuels other than locally or regionally available coal or coal derivatives, or

(2) requiring such source to enter into a contract (or contracts) for supplies of locally or regionally available coal or coal derivatives.

(b)(1) The Governor of any State may petition the President to exercise the President's authorities pursuant to section 125 of the Clean Air Act with respect to any major fuel burning stationary source located in such State.

(2) Any petition under paragraph (1) shall include documentation which could support a finding that significant local or regional economic disruption or unemployment would result from use by such source of

(A) coal or coal derivatives other than locally or regionally available coal,

(B) petroleum products,

(C) natural gas, or

(D) any combination of fuels referred to in subparagraphs (A) through (C), to comply with the requirements of a State implementation plan pursuant to section 110 of the Clean Air Act. (c) Within 90 days after the submission of a Governor's petition under subsection (b), the President shall either issue an order or rule pursuant to section 125 of the Clean Air Act or deny such petition, stating in writing his reasons for such denial. In making his determination to issue such an order or rule pursuant to this subsection, the President must find that such order or rule would

(1) be consistent with section 125 of the clean Air Act;

(2) result in no significant increase in the consumption of energy;

(3) not subject the ultimate consumer to significantly higher energy costs; and

(4) not violate any contractual relationship between such source and any supplier or transporter of fuel to such source. (d) Nothing in subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall affect the authority of the President or the Secretary of the Department of Energy to allocate coal or coal derivatives under any provision of law.

(e) The terms "major fuel burning stationary source (or class or category thereof)" and "locally or regionally available coal or coal derivatives" shall have the meanings assigned to them for the purposes of section 125 of the Clean Air Act.

[42 U.S.C. 6214]

PART B1-STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE

DECLARATION OF POLICY

SEC. 151. (a) The Congress finds that the storage of substantial quantities of petroleum products will diminish the vulnerability of the United States to the effects of a severe energy supply interruption, and provide limited protection from the short-term consequences of interruptions in supplies of petroleum products.

(b) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States to provide for the creation of a Strategic Petroleum Reserve for the storage of up to 1 billion barrels of petroleum products, but not less than 150 million barrels of petroleum products by the end of the 3year period which begins on the date of enactment of this Act, for the purpose of reducing the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum products or to carry out obligations of the United States under the international energy program. It is further declared to be the policy of the United States to provide for the creation of an Early Storage Reserve, as part of the Reserve, for the purpose of providing limited protection from the impact of near-term disruptions in supplies of petroleum products or to carry out obligations of the United States under the international energy program.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 152. As used in this part:

(1) The term "Early Storage Reserve" means that portion of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve which consists of petroleum products stored pursuant to section 155.

(2) The term "importer" means any person who owns, at the first place of storage, any petroleum product imported into the United States.

(3) The term "Industrial Petroleum Reserve" means that portion of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve which consists of petroleum products owned by importers or refiners and acquired, stored, or maintained pursuant to section 156.

(4) The term "interest in land" means any ownership or possessory right with respect to real property, including ownership in fee, an easement, a leasehold, and any subsurface or mineral rights.

(5) The term "readily available inventories" means stocks and supplies of petroleum products which can be distributed or used without affecting the ability of the importer or refiner to operate at normal capacity; such term does not include minimum working inventories or other unavailable stocks.

(6) The term "refiner" means any person who owns, operates, or controls the operation of any refinery.

(7) The term "Regional Petroleum Reserve" means that portion of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve which consists of petroleum products stored pursuant to section 157.

1 Section 805 of the Energy Security Act (set forth in part D of volume I of this compilation) provided for the allocation of lower tier crude oil to the Reserve while the entitlements program was effective under the emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973. That section also provided for a special account for the Reserve, into which proceeds from entitlement and Federal royalty oil would be deposited.

(8) The term "related facility" means any necessary appurtenance to a storage facility, including pipelines, roadways, reservoirs, and salt brine lines.

(9) The term "Reserve" means the Strategic Petroleum Re

serve.

(10) The term "storage facility" means any facility or geological formation which is capable of storing significant quantities of petroleum products.

(11) The term "Strategic Petroleum Reserve" means petroleum products stored in storage facilities pursuant to this part; such term includes the Industrial Petroleum Reserve, the Early Storage Reserve, and the Regional Petroleum Reserve. [15 U.S.C. 6232]

STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE OFFICE

SEC. 153. There is established, in the Federal Energy Administration, a Strategic Petroleum Reserve Office. The Secretary, acting through such Office and in accordance with this part, shall exercise authority over the establishment, management, and maintenance of the Reserve.

[42 U.S.C. 6233]

STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE

SEC. 154. (a) A Strategic Petroleum Reserve for the storage of up to 1 billion barrels of petroleum products shall be created pursuant to this part. By the end of the 3-year period which begins on the date of enactment of this Act, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (or the Early Storage Reserve authorized by section 155, if no Strategic Petroleum Reserve Plan has become effective pursuant to the provisions of section 159(a)) shall contain not less than 150 million barrels of petroleum products.

(b) The Secretary, not later than December 15, 1976, shall prepare and transmit to the Congress, in accordance with section 551, a Strategic Petroleum Reserve Plan. Such Plan shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall detail the Secretary's proposals for designing, constructing, and filling the storage and related facilities of the Reserve.

(c)(1) To the maximum extent practicable and except to the extent that any change in the storage schedule is justified pursuant to subsection (e)(6), the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Plan shall provide that:

(A) within 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the volume of crude oil stored in the Reserve shall equal the total volume of crude oil which was imported into the United States during the base period specified in paragraph (2);

(B) within 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the volume of crude oil stored in the Reserve shall equal not less than 10 percent of the goal specified in subparagraph (A); (C) within 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the volume of crude oil stored in the Reserve shall equal not less than 25 percent of the goal specified in subparagraph (A); and

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