East Timor and the question of use of U.S. equipment by the Indonesian Armed Forces. The hearing was printed as "Human Rights in East Timor and the Question of the Use of U.S. Equipment by the Indonesian Armed Forces."

4. The Situation in Korea.-On June 10, 1977 the subcommittee, with the Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs, held a joint hearing on the situation in Korea. Testimony was heard from Philip C. Habib, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs and Gen. George S. Brown, USAF, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, on the results of their mission to Korea and U.S. policy on gradually reducing ground forces there. The hearing later went into executive session.

5. The Situation in Pakistan.-A hearing was held on July 14, 1977 on developments in Pakistan due to the change in government and its effect on foreign assistance. The witness was Adolph Dubs, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. The open session hearing went into executive session after a vote by the members.

6. People's Republic of China. The subcommittee held a series of six hearings during September and October 1977 on normalization of relations with the PRC. Twenty-two noted scholars and experts in the field testified on such topics as: Strategic implications of normalization; legislative and legal problems arising in the economic area; possible formulas for normalization; the issue of Taiwan, and economic and political implications of normalization. The hearings were printed as "Normalization of Relations with the People's Republic of China: Practical Implications."

7. MIA's: A Status Report.-There were four hearings held during 1977 on Americans missing in actoin in Southeast Asia. Witnesses, including the Woodcock Commission, testified regarding progress in negotiations with the Vietnamese on March 31 and July 27, 1977.

The subcommittee held two days of public hearings on House Concurrent Resolution 331, a resolution calling for the establishment of a special United Nations Commission to secure a final accounting for Americans missing in Southeast Asia, on October 5 and 27, 1977. On February 2, 1978, the subcommittee amended the resolution to conform with the language of Senate Concurrent Resolution 51, introduced by the late Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, and by unanimous vote reported out the resolution. The amended resolution, House Concurrent Resolution 583 introduced by Chairman Wolff, passed the House on May 5, 1978. The hearings and markup for these dates were published as "Americans Missing in Action in Southeast Asia. A Status Report and Markup of House Concurrent Resolution 331."

The subcommittee conducted additional hearings on Americans Missing in Southeast Asia on August 9 and September 13, 1978.

Testifying before the subcommittee were: the Honorable Richard C. Holbrooke, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs: Frank A. Sieverts. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs; the Honorable G. V. Montgomery, (D-Miss.); the Honorable Benjamin A. Gilman, (R-N.Y.); the Honorable Tennyson Guyer. (R-Ohio): Col. Earl P. Hopper, Sr. (retired), Chairman, Board of Directors, National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia; George

Brooks, Member, Board of Directors, National League of Families; Mrs. Brendan Foley, National League of Families; and Ngo Phi Hung, a Vietnamese refugee. The hearings were published under the title: "Americans Missing in Southeast Asia-Part 2."

8. Marine Mammal Protection. In response to the slaughter of dolphins conducted by Japanese fishermen off the Japanese island of Iki in February 1978, several resolutions condemning the action were introduced in the House of Representatives and referred to the subcommittee. On April 24, 1978, the subcommittee considered one of the resolutions, House Resolution 1065, in a public hearing. Testifying before the subcommittee were: The Honorable David Cornwell (DN.Y.); the Honorable Silvio Conte (R-Mass.); Dr. Robbins Barstow, the Connecticut Cetacean Society; Mrs. Gail Even, the Connecticut Cetacean Society; Alan Macnow, Tele-Press Associates, Inc.; and Craig Van Note, executive vice president, the Monitor.

On June 28, 1978, the subcommittee amended House Resolution 1065 to ask all nations with extensive fishing industries and research establishments to cooperate in the protection of all species of marine mammals and unanimously reported out the amended resolution. The hearings were published under the title, "Marine Mammal Protection, H. Con. Res. 1065."

9. Indochina Refugees. On May 17, June 8, and August 15, 1978, the subcommittee held public hearings on political developments in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos; the Indochina refugee situation; and the response of the United States.

Testifying before the subcommittee were: Robert B. Oakley, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Frederick Z. Brown, Director, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos Affairs, Department of State; Shepard C. Lowman, Director, Office of Refugee and Migration Affairs, Department of State; Leo Cherne, Cochairman, International Rescue Committee; William J. Casey, Cochairman, International Rescue Committee; John Richardson, Jr.; executive director, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University and Albert Shanker, president, American Federation of Teachers. From July 6-11, 1978, a subcommittee staff delegation visited the Indochina refugee camps at Aranyaprathet and Nong Khai, Thailand, as well as the refugee processing center in Bangkok. The hearings and staff report on the refugee camps were published under the title, "Refugee Crisis in Indochina, 1978."

Briefings

1. Philippine Base Negotiations.-On March 13, the Honorable Richard C. Holbrooke, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs held an executive session for Members and staff on the current status of base negotiations.

2. Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.-A closed briefing on political conditions in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos and the Indochina refugee situation and its impact on domestic political conditions in noncommunist Southeast Asia was held by the CIA on April 1, 1978.

3. Burma Briefing. On April 12, 1978, Chairman Wolff held an informal briefing on the situation in Burma with special emphasis on narcotics control programs. The briefing was carried out by State Department officials.

4. Indochina.-On April 17, 1978, the CIA briefed Members and staff on the political conditions in Indochina and Indochinese refugees. 5. Southeast Asia.-On July 28, 1978, the CIA held a briefing for the staff of the subcommittee on the current situation in Southeast Asia.

6. Burma/AID.-On August 15, 1978, The Honorable John Sullivan, Assistant Administrator for Asia, Agency for International Development, briefed staff on proposed AID funds to Burma. On September 13 the briefing continued.

7. Tuvalu. On August 30, 1978, William Bodde of the State Department briefed staff on the upcoming independence of the Tuvalu Islands in the South Pacific.

8. Bangsa Moro Liberation Organization.-On September 6, 1978, staff was briefed on the fight for control of the Moro National Liberation Front, the opposition party in the Philippines. The briefing was held by the CIA.

Study Missions

1. Study Mission to Asia.-Members of the subcommittee led a congressional delegation on an East Asian inspection mission from April 7 to 21, 1977. Countries visited were Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. The delegation had personal discussions on trade, security, and human rights with heads of state, including Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda, of Japan; President Marcos, of the Philippines; and President Sukarno, of Indonesia. White House and State Department officials accompanied the delegation. The study mission was related to hearings on such issues as U.S. bases in the Philippines, the phased withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Korea, normalization of relations with Vietnam, and normalization with the People's Republic of China. The mission had the added purpose of investigating and highlighting U.S. international narcotics control efforts. The committee report "Security Assistance to Asia for Fiscal Year 1978" was printed in June 1977.

2. Asia-Pacific.-The subcommittee led a congressional study mission to the Asia-Pacific region in January 1978. Countries visited were: Japan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and India. The subcommittee discussed issues relating to trade, security, and human rights with Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda of Japan; President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines; Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore; Prime Minister Hussein, Bin Onn of Malaysia; Prime Minister Kriangsak Chamanand of Thailand and Prime Minister Morarji Desai of India. The findings of the study mission were published under the title, "Prospects for Regional Stability: Asia and the Pacific."

3. People's Republic of China.-In July 1978, at the invitation of the People's Institute for Foreign Affairs, the subcommittee visited the People's Republic of China. During its stay the delegation met with Senior Vice Premier, Teng Hsiao-ping; Vice Minister of Foreign Trade, Wang Jun Sheng; the President of the People's Institute of Foreign Affairs; Ambassador Hao Teh-ching and other senior government officials.

The findings of the subcommittee were published under the title, "A New Realism: Findings of a Congressional Mission to the People's Republic of China" in December 1978.

CRS Studies

1. The United States, India, and South Asia.-At the request of the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs, the Congressional Research Service prepared a study on the relationship between the United States, India, and South Asia. The purpose of the study was to provide the Congress with a broad review of the relationship of these three areas. The study takes into account a number of significant developments that have occurred in recent years, including the emergence of India as the dominant regional power, the restoration of democracy in India in March 1977, the subsequent changes in India's foreign and domestic policies, the recent crisis in Pakistan's political system, and developments of potential importance to the United States in other countries of the region. Entitled "The United States, India, and South Asia: Interests, Trends, and Issues for Congressional Concern," the report was published as a committee print in August of 1978.

2. Vietnam-Cambodia Conflict. In an effort to compile a timely and scholarly review of the historical background of the present crisis in relations between Vietnam and Cambodia, a conflict which has broad ramifications for all of Asia, the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs requested that the Congressional Research Service prepare a study on the Vietnam-Cambodia conflict. The study provided a history of Vietnamese-Cambodia relations; a recapitulation of the major events of the war; a projected look at the three possible major outcomes of the conflict; and the implications of this situation to the rest of the world. This study was published as a committee print in October of 1978 entitled "Vietnam-Cambodia Conflict."

Other Activities:

1. Press Conference.-On May 19, 1977, the subcommittee held a press conference to release a 1973 letter from former President Nixon to the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam regarding aid to Vietnam. Also released was a letter from Mr. Nixon to Chairman Wolff discussing the events of 1973.

G. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade (Mr. Bingham, chairman)

Hearings

1. Emergency International Economic Controls.-In accord with the National Emergencies Act enacted by the 94th Congress, the subcommittee conducted a detailed review of section 5(b) of the Trading With the Enemy Act, defining authorities available to Presidents in time of war or national emergency. Five hearings (March 29 and 30; April 19 and 26; and May 5, 1977) were held, in which executive branch and public witnesses reviewed and made recommendations regarding past uses of section 5(b), international economic powers required in. national emergencies, and appropriate procedures for the declaration of such national emergencies and the use of emergency international economic powers. After four markup sessions on two bills (H.R. 1560 and 2382), the subcommittee reported a "clean bill" (H.R. 7738) revising the authority of the executive branch to regulate international economic transactions in times of national emergency consistent with the procedures of the National Emergencies Act. The subcommittee

approved legislation was subsequently passed by the House and Senate, and, with minor Senate amendments, signed into law by the President (Public Law 95–223).

The hearings on reform of the Trading With the Enemy Act were published under the title "Emergency Controls on International Economic Transactions."

2. Nuclear Antiproliferation.-In conjunction with the Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs, the subcommittee held hearings on legislation (H.R. 4409 and 6910) establishing comprehensive policies and procedures for more effective control over the export of nuclear materials that could lead to proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Testimony was heard from Members of Congress, the executive branch, the nuclear industry, and public witnesses in three hearings (April 4, May 19 and 26, 1977). The "clean bill" reported by the subcommittee (H.R. 8638) after extensive consultations with executive branch experts on nuclear proliferation was approved by the full committee and passed by the House (September 28, 1977).

Pending action on similar legislation by the Senate, the executive branch took several important nuclear export and antiproliferation actions, which were discussed with membrs of the subcommittees at an informal briefing December 8, 1977.

The subcommittees' hearings were published under the title "The Nuclear Antiproliferation Act of 1977."

The House accepted Senate amendments to nuclear nonproliferation legislation on February 9, 1978, and the Nuclear Non-proliferation Act became law March 10, 1978 (Public Law 95-242).

Oversight hearings were subsequently held September 26 and October 3, 1978, on applications for retransfer of U.S.-origin nuclear fuel subject to provisions of the new Nuclear Non-proliferation Act, and on U.S. policy with respect to future disposal of spent U.S.-origin fuel from the Austrian nuclear plant at Zwentendorf. The hearings were published as "Nuclear Fuel Transfer for Reprocessing: Pending Cases."

3. Export Controls. Following enactment of the Export Administration Amendments of 1977 (Public Law 95-52), to which the subcommittee had devoted considerable effort in the 94th Congress (see Committee on International Relations Survey of Activities, 94th Congress, pp. 119-120), the subcommittee began a series of hearings on executive branch export control policy changes and specific export licensing cases. A hearing was held June 27, 1977, partly in executive session, on the proposed sale of computers, particularly the advanced "Cyber 76," to the Soviet Union. New Defense Department Export Control "guidelines" issued August 26 were examined in a hearing October 27. A public hearing was held November 4 on export controls on aircraft stretch forming presses based upon apparent executive branch delays and other inadequacies in the processing of a license application for export of such equipment by a U.S. manufacturer, the Cyril Bath Co., of Cleveland, Ohio.

These hearings were published under the titles "Computer Exports to the Soviet Union." "Department of Defense Policy Statement on Export Control of United States Technology," and "Export Licensing: Foreign Availability of Stretch Forming Presses.