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Dr. GLEAZER. The institution, I think, could be so described. I just recently returned from working with planning commissions in Indonesia, Thailand, India, Kenya, and Ethiopia, where there is a very definite interest in this concept of an educational institution, because it is rather traditional in most of the countries I have indicated where there are two lines.

There is the university lire, the academic line, to prepare people for going into the universites, and then there is a quite separate line, the line which prepares them for the occupations, and particularly the technical and semiprofessional needs and fields.

Characteristically, these tvo don't come together, and the student has to make his choices very early in the game as to what he is going to do, and to be, and to pass tests to see which line he is going to follow.

It is very difficult, then, later on, to cross over from one stream to the other. In our country this concept of bringing these streams together and a stream of general education as well, extending the institutions throughout the community in the form of community services, the concept that here is an educational resource center for the community to be called upon by citizens throughout his life, as his needs and interests and problems might justify this, this concept can, I think, accurately be said to be an American concept.

One reason incidentally why it is looked to with such interest now by a number of other countries, feeling that this country, this kind of concept of this can be of utility to them with whatever local cultural adaptations needs to take place is this.

Senator WILLIAMS. Thank you.

Do you have the growth rates for community colleges over the last decade?

Dr. GLEAZER. Yes, we have those available and will be glad to submit them for the record.

Some of these are included in the very fine work that has been done by the Carnegie Commission and I have been quite impressed by the way the recent reports from that Commission relate, I think, such a suitable, and in an appropriate fashion, the concerns of this committee with respect to this bill, and I think it has strengthened and enhanced the statements of purpose which have been indicated, sir, in your bill.

But we would be glad to make these growth rates available for the record.

Senator WILLIAMS. Very good.

(See p. 3 of Dr. Gleazer's prepared statement which appears on p. 1390.)

Senator WILLIAMS. We would appreciate it if you would do that. I think we ought to include the parts of the Carnegie Report that will be most helpful to us, or maybe the whole report.

Mr. GLEAZER. It is the "Open Door Policies for Community Colleges."

Senator WILLIAMS. I think we ought to include that in our record at this point.

(The document referred to follows:)

The Open-Door Colleges

POLICIES FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES

A Special Report and Recommendations by
The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education

JUNE 1970

MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY

New York St. Louis San Francisco Düsseldorf

London Sydney Toronto Mexico Panama

The views and conclusions expressed in this report
are solely those of the members of the Carnegie Commission
on Higher Education and do not necessarily reflect the
views or opinions of the Carnegie Corporation of New York,
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching,
or their trustees, officers, directors, or employees.

[blocks in formation]

Additional copies of this report may be ordered from

McGraw-Hill Book Company, Hightstown, New Jersey 08520.
The price is $1 a copy.

"The extension of the years of free education through the establishment of local two-year colleges has been the expression of a new social policy of the nation. Or perhaps I should say a further thrust of an old policy. For one could simplify the history of American public education in the last hundred years by noting the steps in the movement to make universal the opportunities hitherto open only to the well-to-do. First came the provision of elementary schooling at public expense; then came the free high schools and efforts to provide instruction for a wide variety of talents (the widely comprehensive four-year high school); lastly, the growth of the equally comprehensive public two-year college, the open-door college, as it has been sometimes called."

JAMES B. CONANT

Foreword

The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education will issue its final report and recommendations in 1972, after all its research projects have been completed. But many problems in higher education are urgent and need early action. The Commission submits special re ports on such matters as soon as it has had an opportunity to review the relevant issues and develop specific recommendations.

The first such report, Quality and Equality: New Levels of Federal Responsibility for Higher Education, appeared in December, 1968. It focused upon the essential role the federal government should play in preserving margins of academic excellence and expanding educational opportunity. A supplement to this report was published in June, 1970.

Our second report, A Chance to Learn: An Action Agenda for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, appeared in March, 1970. It concerned the policies that should be followed by all levels of government and by institutions of higher education to ensure equality of opportunity for all students, regardless of race or family socioeconomic status.

This third report, The Open-Door Colleges: Policies for Community Colleges, discusses the role of the community colleges, which comprise the fastest growing segment of higher education in the United States, and proposes policies for their future development. It presents new projections of enrollment in two-year institutions of higher education on a state-by-state basis to 1980 and on a national basis to the year 2000, as well as estimates of needs for additional community colleges by 1980. The report seeks to blend into a coherent, overall policy the current practices and proposals which, on the basis of our experience and careful evaluation, have the greatest merit.

To the many persons who were consulted and gave us helpful

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