Cemetery. For the details of this engagement, the first of the three days' battle of Chattanooga, see page 113.

The

Fort Sheridan, the strong work of the city defenses upon the Union right, is still nearly perfect. It is upon the point of the Cameron Hill Ridge nearest Lookout. circular road plainly seen at the base of the slope under it, marks its position. Fort Lytle was near the large schoolbuilding on the next height in the city east of Fort Sheridan, and Fort Negley (afterward Phelps) stood about half a mile south-east of the Public Building. It was also known as the Star Fort, and by the Confederates as Fort Cheatham, it having been begun by them. It was the strongest outer work at the center of the line.

To the right across the plain, is Missionary Ridge. Rossville Gap, through which the main road runs across the Chickamauga Field to La Fayette, is the low depression directly east of the point of the mountain. The distance from Rossville to the north end of Missionary Ridge is eight miles. The first tower north of the Gap marks the site of Bragg's Headquarters. It is four miles from Rossville. The second tower marks the point where Baird's Division, the left of Gen. Thomas' assaulting column, gained the Ridge. The right of the storming line of the Army of the Cumberland reached nearly half way between Bragg's Headquarters and Rossville.

The small town in the gap of Missionary Ridge near its northern point marks the ground of Gen. Sherman's fighting in the battle of Missionary Ridge. For the details of his crossing of the river, see page 120, and for the account of the battle of Missionary Ridge, see page 123.

The next depression. south of Rossville is McFarland's Gap. The battle field of Chickamauga lies about two and one-half miles east of Missionary Ridge and between Rossville and McFarland's Gap. Through the latter, the Union army withdrew at the close of the battle, and, passing out again through Rossville Gap, formed its lines at its southern

opening, and on each side of it, upon Missionary Ridge, and across the valley to Lookout. Here it remained during September 21st. The night of that day, and the morning of the 22d, it moved forward to Chattanooga, and for the first time occupied the city in force.

From the summit, stairs on the west lead down the palisades to the Incline. These stairs have replaced rude ladders and ropes by which the summit could be reached in war times, and they mark the line over which a company from the Eighth Kentucky of Whitaker's Brigade of Cruft's Division clambered before daylight of November 25th, and at sunrise displayed their flag in the sight of both armies. From the wide porches at the hotel at the base of the palisades, the same view heretofore described, spreads below the observer, and the conveniences for studying it are all that could be desired.

Orchard Knob, Sherman Heights, and Bragg's Headquarters. There are two lines of electric cars to Orchard Knob. One of these passes the National Cemetery, and runs to Bragg's Headquarters on Missionary Ridge, and thence along the Ridge about balf way to Rossville. If the visitor has not time to drive on the Ridge, or does not care to take a carriage, this trip, with the scene from the observation tower at Bragg's Headquarters, gives a very satisfactory idea of the Ridge and the battle fields about it.

A line of steam cars runs by way of Orchard Knob to Sherman Heights, the station at the latter point being in the center of Gen. Sherman's operations against the north end of Missionary Ridge. The positions of Hardee's troops on the summit of Tunnel Hill, and the ground of the assaults of Corse's, Loomis', Matthies', Raum's, and Bushbeck's Brigades are within fair walking distance. The fares by all these lines are the ordinary street car rates.

Orchard Knob.

Standing on the Knob, and looking back toward the city, the position of Fort Wood is marked by the low, black standpipe. The slope in front of it is where the Union army formed for the advance on Orchard Knob and the adjacent lines. For details, see page 113.

Looking toward Missionary Ridge, the tower to the left stands at the point where Van Derveer's Brigade of Baird's Division went up the Ridge. This was the left division of the line of assault of the Army of the Cumberland. The tower to the right is on the site of Bragg's Headquarters and also marks the point where the center of Sheridan's Division gained the crest. A division and half front of the assaulting line was south of this tower. The storming column started across the plain from the line of Orchard Knob.

Its front was two miles and a half, and the lines diverging somewhat as they advanced, the length of the crest carried by the assault was three miles, excluding the south end toward Rossville, where a mile was carried by Hooker's troops.

For the details of the battle of Missionary Ridge, see page 123.

As has been elsewhere explained, a visit to the Ridge and to Chickamauga may be combined by driving first to Bragg's Headquarters, or even to the tower at the De Long place, and then taking the Crest Road to Chickamauga. Or, this may be reversed, driving first by Rossville to Chickamauga and returning by the Crest Road. This, however, is too long a drive to allow of any thing more than a glance at the prominent points of interest.

The Drive upon the Crest Road.

The most satisfactory method of visiting Missionary Ridge is to take a carriage from Chattanooga and drive its entire length. The grades are such toward the northern end as to make Rossville the better point of approaching the Ridge

than Sherman Heights.

From the latter point the return can

then be by the Harrison Turnpike through the valley.

At Rossville, the ground of Hooker's advance from Lookout Mountain is reached. The tablets through the Gap explain the movements of his division. Osterhaus, leading, passed through, and, marching northward along the eastern. side of the Ridge, assaulted it from that direction, gaining the crest about a mile north of Rossville.

Cruft marched into the Gap, faced the southern extremity of the Ridge and carried it. Geary turned along its western base from Rossville, and finally assaulted and carried the crest about three-quarters of a mile north.

Leaving these positions, which are indicated by the tablets on the Crest Road, a short drive suffices to reach the right of the assault of the Army of the Cumberland. This point is about opposite East Lake, which is plainly seen near the base of the Ridge.

The Confederate divisions on the crest, running from the left at Rossville to the right at Tunnel Hill, were as follows: Stewart's, stretched from Rossville Gap to Bragg's Headquarters. As Gen. Breckinridge took Stewart's strongest brigade (Clayton's) to resist Hooker in Rossville Gap, the left of Gen. Stewart's line was exceedingly thin, and all of it was much attenuated. Next north of Bragg's Headquarters was Reynolds' Brigade of Bushrod Johnson's Division, followed on the line by Breckinridge's Division, commanded by Bate. Beyond Bate, came Hindman's Division, commanded by Patton Anderson, reaching to the vicinity of the tower at the De Long place. North of that, and beyond the left of the assaulting lines of Gen. Thomas, were the divisions of Cheatham, Walker, and Stevenson, the latter supporting Cleburne at the Tunnel, and, lastly, the division of Cleburne strongly posted on the first high hill north of it.

Beginning at the right of Johnson's line of the Army of the Cumberland, which rested nearly as far south as East Lake, the force of Gen. Thomas which moved from its cen