The fur traders, it is said, established posts, which ultimately led to settlements at Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, La Crosse, Eau Claire, Chippewa Falls, Madison, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Two Rivers, Kewaunee, Green Bay, Prairie du Chien, Depere, Kaukauna, Neenah, Hudson. Portage, Menomonee, Oconto, Peshtigo, Black River Falls, Rice Lake, Baraboo, and Shullsburg. These were established at various times. On July 9, of this year the first Protestant sermon preached in Wisconsin was delivered at Fort Howard, by Rev. Jedediah Morse, father of the inventor of the telegraph. 1822. The New York Indians, transplanted, purchase lands east of Lake Winnebago. James Johnson obtained from the Indians the right to dig for lead with negro slaves from Kentucky. 1823. Counties of Brown, Crawford, and Michillimackinac made a separate judicial district by Congress. The first steamboat ascended the Mississippi. and Lake Superior surveyed by Lieut. Bayfield of the British navy. An Episcopal mission established near Green Bay. 1824.-Judge James Duane Doty held his first district court of the territory, at Green Bay, 1825.-Treaty concluded in August between the Indians of Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin by Gev. William Clark and Lewis Cass, the former then serving as Superintendent of Indian affairs at St. Louis, the latter as governor of Michigan territory, The Indians begin to grow sullen. 1826. First steamboat on Lake Michigan. 1826. The lead mines attract attention. The general government leased lands for mining purposes in 1822, and in this year the mining population rose from 100 to 406 by the following March. 1827. The rush to the lead mines continued. The Indians sullen and inimical to the whites. Fort Crawford abandoned and the troops sent to Fort Suelling, near St. Paul. The Winnebagoes murdered a half-breed named Meti ode and his family near Prairie du Chien. The Indian chief, Red Bird, and two others, inflamed by rumors that Winnebago prisoners had been killed by the whites, murdered and scalped Rijeste Gagnier and Solomon Lipcop near Prairie du Chien. About the same time, a band of thirty-seven Winnebagoes attacked two keel boats laden with provisions for the troops at Fort Snelling, killing two, wounding two mortally and two slightly, but were repulsed. These outrages produced great alarm. The settlers fled to Prairie du Chien and there organized and manned the abandoned fort. The news spread through southwestern Wisconsin and thousands of settlers fled in the greatest precipitation to Galena. Gov. Cass, of Michigan territory, soon came upon the scene. Col. Snelling reinforced Fort Crawford. Col. Henry Dodge raised a hundred mounted volunteers in the lead mines; Maj. Whistler, in command at Fort Howard, moved up the Fox to Portage, and the troops on the Lower Wisconsin moved up that river, pur. suing the fleeing Winnebagoes. They were overtaken near Portage, and seeing themselves overpowered, gave up the murderers. Red Bird died in prison soon after. His associates were tried and sentenced, but afterwards pardoned on condition that the Winnebagoes cede lands. 1828. Fort Winnebago built at the portage. An Indian treaty had at Green Bay. The Indian claim to the lead region purchased. 1829.-Thousands of miners settled in the lead region. Speculation rife. A Methodist mission established at Green Bay. 1830.- The Sioux killed seventeen Sacs and Foxes near Prairie du Chien. A Protestant mission was founded on Madelaine island, one of the Apostle islands, in Lake Superior, opposite Bayfield - the first of the island missions at La Point, the original La Point mission having been founded on the main land. 1832.— The Black Hawk War. This year Black Hawk, a petty chief of the Sacs, had a village at the mouth of the Rock river. He hated the Americans and loved the English. Returning from a visit to Canada in 1830, where he had been flattered by the English, he found the settlers had preömpted the site of his village and the burial ground of his fathers. He was enraged and made threats. The militia were called out. Ten companies of United States troops came to the mouth of the Rock river, and Black Hawk was compelled to cross the Mississippi promising never to return. But he failed to keep his promise. He re-crossed the river in April, passed up Rock river, to Prophetstown, intending to raise a crop there. This "invasion" aroused general alarm in Illinois and Wisconsin. Settlers fled or threw up log forts. Gen. Atkinson, with 1,600 horse and 200 foot volunteers - of whom Abraham Lincoln commanded one company- and 300 regulars were put on the march. Black Hawk sent a defiant message and retreated up Rock river. At Stillman's creek he halted to surrender, His messengers of peace were killed by the pickets when they approached the lines. He then attacked and sent scampering to the rear 275 horsemen, with thirty-five braves. He then removed his women and children to the swamps of Lake Koshkonong, in Wisconsin. He descended into Illinois, scattering consternation. Skirmishes took place in Illinois, at Pecatonica, Blue Mounds and Sinsiniwa Mounds in Wisconsin. Some 200 whites and as many Indians lost their lives in these battles, skirmishes and surprises. Meanwhile, forts had been thrown up in the lead region.- Fort Union at Dodgeville, where Major Dodge's headquarters had been; Fort Defiance at the farm of D. M. Parkinson; Fort Hamilton at Wiota; Fort Jackson at Mineral Point; Mound Fort at Blue Mounds and others. Pending this outbreak, Col. Dodge came with Captains John H. Rountree, and James H. Gentry, to the head of the Four Lakes, near where Madison now is, and had a council with the Winnebagoes, counseling them not to join the Sacs in the war. Gen. Atkinson, in command, sent Dodge's command, and also Major Henry's and Major Alexander's brigades to Fort Winnebago at Portage for supplies. Arriving there, he learned from the Winnebagoes the hiding place of the Sacs and Foxes, Black Hawk's band. They were then at the rapids of Rock river, near now Hustisford. The force at once set out to attack them. The Indians, however, had fled. Their trail was discovered, bearing toward Wisconsin river. They were pursued. Reaching the Catfish river, between Third and Fourth Lakes, the Indians were found on the site of the city of Madison,- cne of whom was shot and left dead near the present capitol. The next day (July 21st) the Indians were pursued; they fled westward passing to the south of Fourth Lake to the bluffs of the Wisconsin. A battle here ensued. The Indians lost several killed and many were wounded. The American loss was one killed and 8 wounded. Thence, Black Hawk and his party fled westward to the Mississippi. A few days later Col. Dodge pursued them, with fresh troops, and came up with them near the mouth of the Bad Axe, 40 miles above Prairie du Chien. A steamboat had been sent up the river, to prevent their escape across the river. The Sacs were now in bad plight. Col. Dodge attacked them. Some escaped across the river. The rest were captured. Black Hawk escaped to seek refuge among the Winnebagoes; but a large reward was offered for him; and the Winnebagoes arrested and gave him up. He was sent to Prairie du Chien, thence to Jefferson Barracks. Of the 1,000 Indians who crossed the Mississippi with him in the spring not over 150 survived the famous Black Hawk war. The chief died in 1838 near Des Moines. This outbreak served one purpose. It advertised Wisconsin and stimulated settlement. 1833.- An Indian treaty at Chicago. The lands south and west of Milwaukee were ceded to the government. Milwaukee settled in the fall. The first newspaper, the Green Bay Intelligencer, established. First Congregational church in Wisconsin organized at La Point, on Madelaine island. 1834.— Land offices established at Mineral Point and Green Bay. First public land sale at Mineral Point. Census taken; population found to be 4,795. 1835.-The first steamboat landed at Milwaukee June 17. Public lands surveyed by William A. Burt. Great influx of settlers. By December 1, 1836, 878,014 acres of land had been sold to settlers and speculators. Bishop Baraga founds a Catholic mission on Madelaine island. 1836.-The territory of Wisconsin organized by act of Congress. April 30, Henry Dodge appointed governor by President Jackson. July 4, territory organized. John S. Horner of Virginia appointed Secretary, Charles Dunn, of Illinois, chief justice, David Irvin and William C. Frazer, of Pennsylvania, sworn in at Mineral Point, amid great festivity. Territorial council met at Belmont, October 25th. United States Land office opened at Milwaukee. December 3, capitol located at Madison, "between the Third and Fourth of the four lakes, on the corner of sections 13, 14, 23, and 24. in township 7, north of range 9, east." The same year, July 14, the "Milwaukee Advertiser " commenced publication. The first school opened in Milwaukee. George W. Jones elected as the delegate in Congress. The supreme court held its first session at Belmont. The Belmont "Gazette" published. 1837.- Michigan admitted into the Union. The Northern Peninsula attached to it, in violation of the rights of Wisconsin, causing great indignation to the people of the territory. A treaty made by Governor Dodge with the Menomonees, in which they ceded to the United States about four million acres of land in Michigan and Wisconsin, The people of Milwaukee organize two municipal corporations - "Milwaukee-on-the-east side-of-the-river," and "Milwaukee-on-the-west-side-of-the-river." them. Great strife between Copper ore found near Mineral Point. The corner stone of the capitol laid at Madison, July 4th, with great solemnities. 1838.- Congress appropriated land to endow the University of the Territory of Wisconsin. Eighty postoffices established in the territory. 1839.- Battle between Sioux and Chippewas in northern Wisconsin; 200 said to have been killed. 1840.- First brewing of beer in Milwaukee. U. S. census showed population of 30,945 white persons. 1849.-C. C. P. Arndt. a member of the legislative council, shot and killed in the council chamber by James R. Vineyard, who was afterward tried in Green county and ac quitted. 1844.- The Wisconsin Phalanx, a communistic organization, settle at Cresco.now Ripon, under the leadership of Jesse Strong. Gov. Doty removed and Nathaniel P. Tallmadge appointed. 1845.- Tallmadge removed and Doty reappointed. Large Swiss colony planted at New Glarus, Green county. 1846. -The people voted in favor of a state government. Congress passed act to enable and authorize the formation of state government. First constitutional convention met at Madison, October 5th 1847.- First railroad charter in Wisconsin granted to the Milwaukee & Waukesha Railroad Company. Census showed population of 210,546. Second constitutional convention met at Madison, December 15th. 1848.- Wisconsin admitted into the Union May 20. First legislature convened June 5. State officers sworn in June 7. Henry Dodge and Isaac P. Walker elected United States senators. Andrew G. Miller appointed judge of United States district court. Large German immigration this year. Partially successful attempt made to remove the Wisconsin Winnebagoes to Long Prairie, Minnesota. State university organized. Free school system established by law. 1849.- Construction of railroad from Milwaukee westward begun. In January, first telegram received in Milwaukee. Legislature instruct I. P. Walker to resign because of his vote in interest of the south. Cholera epidemic. "Gold Fever" causes great exodus to California. 1850.- Mob in Milwaukee attack and wreck house of John B. Smith for introducing a liquor law in the legislature. Census reported population at 305,391. 1851.- First railroad train run from Milwaukee to Waukesha. 1852.-- Numerous railroad enterprises started in southern part of the state. 1853.- Charges made for the impeachment of Judge Levi Hubbell, judge of the second judicial district. Tried, and, after protracted trial, acquitted. 1854.- Meeting at Ripon to organize the Republican party; the name "Republican " suggested by A. E. Bovay. This on February 28th. Joshua Glover, a fugitive slave, arrested at Racine. Rescued at Milwaukee by force, from the United States marshal, on the 11th of March. Sherman M. Booth arrested and committed to jail on the 26th of May for aiding in Glover's rescue. A writ of habeas corpus was granted by Associate Justice Hon. Abram D. Smith, who decided on the hearing that the "Fugitive Slave law" of 1850 was void, and discharged the prisoner. The Supreme Court of the state sustained him. (An interesting account of this conflict between the State and Federal Judiciary will be found in note in Vilas & Bryant's edition of Wisconsin Reports, Vol. 11, p. 517) The Supreme Court of Wisconsin held the fugitive slave law void, and that it had the power to discharge from the custody of the United States marshal, those who were held in custody charged with violating the law. This was reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States, July 13. A mass convention held in the Capitol Park at Madison. The Republican party organized, and so named. German immigration very large. 1856.-Gov. William A. Barstow having been certified by the state board of canvassers as re-elected and taken the office of governor, Coles Bashford brought an information in the nature of quo warranto to oust Barstow and establish his own claim as having been elected. The proceedings result in Bashford's favor. Sept. 24. The Steamer Niagara burned off Port Washington, Hon. John B Macy, pioneer member of congress, perished in the boat. 1857.- Railway completed to Prairie du Chien. Monetary panic of this year severely felt in Wisconsin. 1858.- November 1. Excursion train celebrating opening of the Chicago and Fond du Lac R. R. (now C. & N. W.) wrecked at Johnson's Creek, Jefferson county. Fourteen persons killed and seven wounded. 1860. Steamer Lady Elgin with 600 excursionists, sunk in collision off Racine, and 225 persons, mostly of the Third ward in Milwaukee, drowned. 1861.— April 16, President Lincoln's call for one regiment received. Governor Randall's proclamation issued calling for volunteers. Thirty-six companies tender service within one week. Troops organized and mustered during the year as follows: May 17, First regiment mustered; June 7, left for the field. September 2, Seventh regiment mustered; September 21, left for the field. October and November, Twelfth regiment mustered; January 11. 1862, left for the field November 14, Fourteenth regiment organized. January, 1862, Fourteenth regiment mustered; March 10, 1862, left for the field. November, 1861, Fifteenth regiment organized. February 14, 1862, Fifteenth regiment mustered; March 2, 1862, left for the field. January 31, 1862, Sixteenth regiment mustered; March 13, 1862, left for the field. July 2, first Wisconsin soldier, George C. Drake, Company A, First infantry, killed at Falling Waters. 1862.-April 10, Gov. Louis P. Harvey started south to care for Wisconsin soldiers wounded at Shiloh. April 19, he was drowned at Pittsburg Landing in the Tennessee river. In April, some 700 Confederate prisoners received at Camp Randall, Madison. In May, the President calls for 75,000 more troops. Wisconsin's quota assigned at about 2,976. July, 300,000 troops called for. The Wisconsin quota assigned at 11,904. November 10, draft made to fill Wisconsin quota, 11,904. 1863.- August 5, Democratic state convention held at Milwaukee. The "Ryan address" to the people of the state adopted. Matt. H. Carpenter publishes reply to the ad dress. The "War Democrats " held mass conv ntion at Janesville to protest against the Ryan address. October 17, further call for troops; Wisconsin's quota, 11,904. November, draft made to fill quota. 1864.- February 1. President calls for 300,000 more volunteers: in March 200,000; and in July for 500.000; in December for 300,000. Wisconsin's quota about 53,483. On these calls 5,784 veterans in Wisconsin organizations re-enlisted. Nov. 2. Ex-Gov. N. P. Tallmadge died. 1865. Several regiments sent to the field in completion of quotas under calls for troops. Whole number of troops furnished by Wisconsin, 91,379. June 28, Viroqua struck by cyclone, 17 persons killed and 150 wounded. Most of the Wisconsin troops mustered out of service during the summer and autumn. July 13, Ex-Gov. James D. Doty died. December 13, Ex-Gov. William A. Barstow died. 1866.- Hon. James R. Doolittle, U. S. senator, requested to resign, because of his support of President Johnson's "policy." ourth regiment mustered out after serving over five years. 1867 - Ex-Gov. Henry Dodge died, June 19. 1868. Col. Dunbar discovers the medicinal properties of the Bethesda Spring" at Waukesha. April 8, the "Sea Bird" burned on Lake Michigan. All on board lost, save Effort made to remove the state capitol to Milwaukee. Towns, cities and villages authorized to take stock in railroads. two 1871. Great fires in Door. Oconto, Shawano, Outagamie, Brown and Manitowoc. One thousand or more persons perished and three thousand reduced to destitution. Large contributions, poured in from all parts of the United States, Great Britain and Canada, France and Germany, relieve the sufferers and provide them with comfortable homes, food, implements and clothing. 1872.-July 26. Ex.-Gov. Alex. W. Randall, the first "war governor," died. 1873.- July 4. Great hurricane on Green Lake in Green Lake county. Eleven persons drowned. Partially successful attempt to remove the Wisconsin Winnebagoes to Nebraska, and place them on reservation there. 1874.-"Potter Law " placing limit on railroad freights and fares enacted. April 27. Railway companies' presidents announce, through communication to the governor, that they regard the law invalid. Gov. William R. Taylor issues proclamation demanding obedience to the law. Action brought to enjoin companies from violating the law, and, after able trial, the injunction granted, Chief Justice Ryan delivering an opinion now quite famous. 1875.-April 28. Oshkosh burned. Manufacture of cotton cloth started in Janesvillethe first in the state. Women first made eligible to school offices. 1876-January, Supreme court decided that under our laws women cannot be admitted to practice law at the bar of that court. 1877.-Law passed admitting women to the privilege of practicing law. Cyclone at Pensaukee, Oconto county. 1878.-State overrun with tramps. Disturbances and lawlessness at various points where tramps congregate. June. Cyclone sweeps through Grant, Iowa, Dane, Jefferson and counties eastward. Some twelve or fifteen persons killed and great destruction of property. Indian scare in Burnett county. Hundreds of settlers leave their homes on account of large assemblies of Indians gathering to hold dances. April 25. Ex-Gov. Coles Bashford died. 1880.--October 19. Chief Justice Edward G. Ryan died 1881.-Senator Matt. H. Carpenter died in Washington, February 24. Strike of cigar. makers in Milwaukee. September. Strike at Eau Claire of workmen in milis for reduction of hours. Property injured, National Guard called out, and eight companies stationed there. September. Milwaukee Industrial Exposition opened. 1882.- Ex-Gov. Cadwallader C. Washburn died. Constitution amended to have biennial legislative sessions. 1883.- January 10. Newhall House burned. About seventy persons perished in the flames or in leaping from the upper stories of the building. March 25, Hon. Timothy O. Howe, Post Master General, died at Racine. November 8, South wing of the capitol extension fell, killing seven workmen. Febuary 23, Ex-Gov. William E. Smith died. 1884.- December 1. Science Hall, State University, burned to the ground. 1886.- May 1. Workmen in Milwaukee struck to enforce "eight hours" for a day's work. May 3-5. Becoming riotous and refusing to obey the authorities, they were fired upon by the National Guard and several killed and wounded. October. The "limited express on the C. M. & St. P. R'y wrecked and burned at East Rio, Columbia county. Some 11 to 15 persons killed or burned. 1889. Great strike at West Superior. National Guard ordered to the scene to preserve order. April 10. Ex-Gov. Leonard J. Farwell died. July 21. Ex-Gov. Nelson Dewey died. 1890.-Eleventh census gives population of Wisconsin 1,686,880. 1891.- June 17. Ex-Gov. Harrison Ludington died. August 27. Dr. Lyman C. Draper, secretary Wisconsin State Historical Society, and one of the leading spirits in its work, died. 1892.- A disastrous succession of fires in Milwaukee including the great Third Wardfire October 28. $5,000,000 of property destroyed. Daniel S. Durrie, for 37 of State Historical Society, died September first. years Librarian 1893 - Panic resulting in failure of the Plankinton, The Fire & Marine, and other important banks in Milwaukee. Ex-Governor J. M. Rusk died November 21. R. L. D. Potter, author of Potter Railroad Law, died November 9. General Joshua Guppy died December 8. 1894. Disastrous forest fires in Douglas, Bayfield, Ashland, Chippewa, Price, Portage and Washburn counties. Moses M. Strong died July 20. Experience Estabrook, prominently identified with formation of state constitution, died March 26, |