THE NEW INTERNATIONAL EDITORS DANIEL COIT GILMAN, LL. D. PRESIDENT OF JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY (1876–1901) AFTERWARDS PRESIDENT OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON HARRY THURSTON PECK, PH. D., L. H. D. PROFESSOR IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY FRANK MOORE COLBY, M. A. LATE PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY VOLUME XI NEW YORK DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY 1909 arm, father. ant, and final a in America, armada, etc. In rapid speech this vowel readily becomes more or less obscured and like the neutral vowel or a short u (ú). a "final, regal, where it is of a neutral or obscure quality. 66 66 all, fall. are used for ä in German, as in Gärtner, Gräfe, Hähnel, to the values of which they are the nearest English vowel sounds. The sound of Swedish ä is also indicated by ě. fern, her, and as i in sir. Also for ö, in German, as in Göthe, Goethe, oe, Ortel, Oertel, and for eu and oeu in French, as in Neufchâtel, Crèvecœur ; to which it is the nearest English vowel sound. agency, judgment, where it is of a neutral or obscure quality. oi "odd, forest, not. atom, carol, where it has a neutral or obscure quality. oil, boil, and for eu in German, as in Feuerbach. 00 "food, fool, and as u in rude, rule. Ou "house, mouse. 66 D as in the Spanish Almodovar, pulgada, where it is nearly like th in English then, this. g G 66 hw" K 66 66 66 ng j in the Spanish Jijona, g in the Spanish gila; where it is a fricative some. what resembling the sound of h in English hue or y in yet, but stronger. "wh in which. "ch in the German ich, Albrecht, and g in the German Arensberg, Mecklenburg; where it is a fricative sound made between the tongue and the hard palate toward which the tongue is raised. It resembles the sound of h in hue, or y in yet; or the sound made by beginning to pronounce a k, but not completing the stoppage of the breath. The character K is also used to indicate the rough aspirates or fricatives of some of the Oriental languages, as of kh in the word Khan, "sinker, longer. 66 then, this. zh z in azure, and s in pleasure. An apostrophe, or superior comma, ['] is sometimes used to denote a glide or neutral connecting vowel, as in tā'b'l (table), kăz”m (chasm). Otherwise than as noted above, the letters used in the respellings for pronunciation are to receive their ordinary English sounds. When the pronunciation is sufficiently shown by indicating the accented syllables, this is done without respelling; as in the case of very common English words, and words which are so spelled as to insure their correct pronunciation if they are correctly accented. See the article on PRONUN CIATION. |