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See Alcohol-behavioral marital therapy cardiomyopathy and, 174 cardiovascular disease and, 172 AC. See Adenylate cyclase aversive effects of alcohol, 121 prenatal alcohol exposure and, 219, 222 Acetaldehyde adducts, 153–154, 158, 170, 306 Acetaldehyde metabolism, 152 Acetate, 173 Acetic acid, 147, 148, 154, 157 Acetyl coenzyme A, 157 Acetylcholine Korsakoff syndrome and, 185 prenatal alcohol exposure and, 216 Acetylsalicylic acid BAC enhancement, 150, 158 PG inhibition role, 221 ACH. See Acetaldehyde Acinar cells of the pancreas, 171 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 176-177, 244-246 ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone Acute effects of alcohol dopaminergic transmission, 93 GABAA receptor, 89–91 glutamatergic neurotransmission, 91–93 serotonergic transmission, 93-94 ADD. See Attention-deficit disorder Addiction Research Foundation, 302 psychiatric comorbidity and, 41-43 action in the heart, 173 Adolescents and young adults. See also Age factors; Children; Infants; Older adults alcohol price effect on alcohol use, 280 delay of puberty, 179 etiology of alcohol use, 268–269 expectancies about alcohol's effects, 134-135 marijuana use, 134, 338 parental alcohol use perceptions, 137, 269 parenting practices influence on drinking, 137-138, 269 patterns of alcohol use, 21-23, 30 peer influences, 138-139, 141, 269 racial or ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use, 138, 141 school-based prevention programs, 269-272 269 screening tests, 302-303 sexual beliefs and practices, 245 specialized treatment programs, 338-339, 342 tension reduction hypothesis, 130-131 Adoption studies. See also Family studies; comorbidity, 45, 47 description, 62-63 a-2-adrenergic agonists, 333 Adrenocorticotropic hormone, 179 ADS. See Alcohol dependence syndrome |