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The interim boundary probably would be designated first with the other spots around the island being designated, as appropriate. APCS would be put anywhere in the state for as long or short a time as needed. Area designations could be suggested by anyone to a new coastal council or the State Plan Policy Council.

Work will continue on the further development and evaluation by citizen groups and others of the criteria for the identification, selection, designation, and undesignation of APCs. Finally, the designation and/or treatment of both APCs and environmentally sensitive areas will be integrated with the legal framework.

Public and governmental involvement

Development of various mechanisms to ascertain state, county, and citizen concerns and priorities, work undertaken during the first year, was closely coordinated with all work elements.

Sixty alternative means of obtaining citizen input were developed and described in a technical paper. Based on these alternatives, various input-generating mechanisms were used in the site selection processes of prototype areas and estuarine sanctuary candidate sites. In addition, a Hawaii Coastal Management Policy Coordinating Committee (which is composed of state and county governmental officials), a Federal Contacts committee, Statewide Citizens Forum, and seven County Coastal Management citizens advisory committees were formed. Each committee generated and ranked problem areas and concerns as viewed from their respective perspectives and this served as the basis of the "problem analysis" completed as part of the second year work program. The Statewide Citizens Forum and some of the county citizens advisory committees further supported the problem analysis efforts by producing case studies demonstrating the deficiencies of Hawaii's existing land or resource management systems.

The citizens advisory committees sponsored a series of public information meetings using a slide show. Newsletters also describe facets of the program to the general community. More emphasis will be placed on the use of various communications media to publicize the intent and contents of the Hawaii Program as a prelude to the public hearings which will have to be held on the program.

State-federal interaction and consideration of the national interest in facility siting

Hawaii has inventoried and located federal lands. In addition, all relevant agencies have been invited to serve on the federal advisory committee and there has been bilateral discussions with federal agencies. Most of the national interest questions arise with respect to defense proposals or ocean mining, which in turn may create greater energy needs. This issue will be addressed by the State General Plan as well as by the coastal management program planning effort.

Organizational arrangements

The proposed concept of management through use of areas of particular concern would require little reorganization. The Dept. of Planning & Economic Development would be the lead agency and major coordinator of the program.

Additional attention will be given to linkages between the state

Authorities

A thorough analysis of existing authorities has revealed that the state is not lacking in this area. However, the legislature will be asked to authorize the program. Hawaii has considered alternatives that range from consolidation of existing functions to establishment of a separate cabinet-level agency.

GRANT RECIPIENT:

Illinois Dept. of Conservation

Coastal management program contact: Peter Wise,
300 N. State St., Room 1010, Chicago IL 60610.
(312) 793-3126.

OTHER MAJOR PARTICIPATING AGENCIES:

Dept. of Transportation, Div. of

Waterways; Geological Survey; Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission.

[blocks in formation]

Total Plan Development Allocation (through June 1976): $900,000

AUTHORITY:

The Illinois Dept. of Transportation reviews and issues permits for filling, dredging or construction of bulkheads, placement of outfall structures or other alteration of natural shorelines of public waters, including Lake Michigan.

A lakefront management plan and protection ordinance guides development in the City of Chicago, which covers nearly the entire area of Cook County, one of Illinois' two coastal counties. The protection ordinance makes it unlawful for landfill, excavation or construction to take place within the protected district without the approval of the Chicago Plan Commission.

Various studies have influenced the planning for coastal management. The Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission has undertaken a series of planning studies concerning Illinois' coastal area. Recent products include: a Regional Open Space Plan; a Regional Wastewater Plan; a Regional Water Supply Report; and a technical report, "The Water Resource in Northeastern Illinois, Planning its Use."

On June 30, 1974, the first federal Section 305 program development grant was awarded under the Coastal Zone Management Act. The state anticipates that it will enter the Section 306 implementation phase in 1977.

PRIORITY ISSUES:

Illinois finds that because coastal land use decisions are made entirely at the local level, state and regional needs often are ignored. The rights and needs of public, as opposed to private, interests frequently conflict as competition increases for available land throughout the coastal area. To help ameliorate that problem there is a need for adequate state funds for land acquisition, recreational development and erosion protection structures. Heavy urbanization increases Illinois' problems in defining coastal boundaries.

Other issues identified by the Illinois program include property damage due to shoreline erosion and bluff recession, loss and degradation of natural resources, balance of economic development needs and environmental protection, decline in shipping trade and inadequate consideration

OBJECTIVES OF COASTAL PROGRAM:

Illinois defines the following objectives of coastal management: *To preserve, protect, develop and where possible to restore and enhance the resources of the shorelands of Lake Michigan.

*To encourage and assist local and regional governmental and private bodies to recognize and effectively exercise their responsibilities to develop and implement local land use management programs. *To ensure that full consideration is given to ecological, cultural, and private groups engaged in activities affecting Illinois' shore lands to cooperate and participate in conducting the management program, *To encourage the public to become aware of the need for wise management of the shoreland resources and to maintain the educational processes required to effect strong public involvement in the program development process.

CURRENT STATUS:

A tentative boundary has been established and Illinois has selected five geographic areas of particular concern from among sites nominated. Legislation to establish state authority for managing coastal resources is being drafted. A statewide policy advisory committee will review the legislation and the draft management program.

Boundary identification

Illinois coastal waters are Lake Michigan extending outward from the shoreline to the Lake boundary of Illinois with either Wisconsin, Indiana or Michigan. The inland boundary is being determined through a process involving a biophysical determination of impacts, a jurisdictional examination of methods of control and an analysis of citizen and local government desires. Natural, man-made and jurisdictional features are being considered as bases for boundary lines.

The state has conducted studies of physical and natural features of the shoreline in order to make the biophysical determinations. The Illinois Geological Survey has mapped nearshore characteristics in 10 selected areas; conducted open Lake research; examined the ground water characteristics of shore bluffs; mapped the hydrographic characteristics of the shoreline. The Illinois Natural History Survey conducted an inventory of sensitive areas, including natural systems and historical, archaeological and architectural sites.

The Northern Illinois Planning Commission (NIPC) is inventorying land ownership of the coastal area and existing land use policies of the political subdivisions within the coastal area. These will aid the state in its determination of control mechanisms.

A preliminary boundary determination based on areas of particular concern, uses, problems, issues and resource capacities has been made. Municipalities are nominating alternative boundaries. These nominations, the results of workshop and a public meeting, and the recommendations of the state Inter-agency and Lake Michigan Shoreland Advisory Committee, will be taken into consideration when finalizing the boundary.

Definition of permissible land and water uses

The state will be responsible for uses subject to the management

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