medieval times. Exactly here, in the centre of the southern German [alemamic] tribes, we feel lively, even tragically, the political tearing apart of a tribal unity which today still extends beyond the Rhine and the Swabian sea. We fully understand, therefore, the anxiety of all of those who wish to strengthen the power of the Reich and wish to prevent at all costs a further crumbling of the kernel of the German nation.

PARTIAL TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 3314-PS

VON PAPEN'S ADDRESS, AS CHANCELLOR, delivered at Muenster, Westphalia, 28 August 1932, Frankfurter Zeitung, 29 August 1932, Page 2.

The licentiousness emanating from the appeal of the leader of the National Socialist Movement does not comply very well with his claims to governmental power.

I do not concede him the right to regard the mere minority following his banner solely as the German nation, and to treat all our fellow countrymen as "free game".

I am advocating the constitutional state, the community of the people, law and order in government. In doing so, it is I, and not he, who is carrying on the struggle against the damination of parties, against arbitrarianism and injustice, a struggle which millions of his supporters had been wholeheartedly longing for years to fight.

My government from the first day on, has pursued the aim to grant the opportunity of participating in the reconstruction of the Reich to that great patriotic liberation movement whose historical services to Germany everybody must acknowledge. I am loath to believe that this great German liberation movement will remain intentionally antagonistic forever toward the purposes of a government whose entire thoughts are devoted solely and exclusively to Germany's future.

I am firmly determined to stamp out the smoldering flame of civil war, to put an end to political unrest and political violence, which today is still such a great obstacle to the positive work representing the sole task of the State.

The conservative leadership of the State recognizes as its task, with few laws and in limiting itself to the chief aspects of National life, to create a framework within which the forces of the Nation can enfold themselves freely. This task can only be fulfilled by an authoritarian, independent government deeply conscious of its duties toward God and Nation.

VON PAPEN'S ADDRESS, AS CHANCELLOR, Delivered in Munich on 12 October 1932, Frankfurter Zeitung, 13 October 1932, Page 2.

It is a historical falsification when it is claimed today that I, the Chancellor, had prevented National Socialism from taking over the responsibility. The offer of 13 August gave the NSDAP a share in the power in the Reich and in Prussia which would have assured it decisive influence. Hitler did not accept this offer because he believed that he as leader of a movement represented by 230 parliamentary mandates should claim the position of the chancellor. He made this claim on the principle of totalitarianism, of exclusiveness which his party adheres to.

The essence of conservative ideology is its being anchored in the divine order of things. That too is its fundamental difference compared with the doctrine advocated by the NSDAP. The principle of "exclusiveness" of a political "everything or nothing" which the latter adheres to, its mythical Messiah-belief in the bombastic Fuehrer who alone is destined to direct fate, gives it the character of a political sect. And therein I see the unbridgeable cleavage between a conservative policy born of faith and a national-socialist creed as a matter of politics. It seems to me that today names and individuals are unimportant when Germany's final fate is at stake. What the nation demands is this: it expects of a movement which has written upon its banner the internal and external national freedom that it will act, at all times and under all circumstances, as if it were the spiritual, social and political conscience of the nation. If it does not act that way; if this movement follows merely tactical points of view, democratic-parliamentarian points of view, if it engages in the soliciting of mass support using demagogic agitation and means of proletarian class struggle then it is not a movement any more, it has become a political party.

*

And, indeed, the Reich was almost destroyed by the political parties. One simply cannot, on one side, despise mercilessly masses and majorities, as Herr Hitler is doing, and on the other hand surrender to parliamentarian democracy; surrender to the extent of adopting resolutions against one's own government together with the Bolshevists.

In the interest of the entire nation we decline the claim to power by parties which want to own their followers body and soul, and which want to put themselves, as a party or a movement, over and above the whole nation.

VISIT OF VON PAPEN AS CHANCELLOR IN MUNICH, 11 October 1932. Commentary of "Frankfurter Zeitung", partly based on Bavarian sources such as the news service of the Ba

varian People's Party, 12 October 1932, Page 1.

Von Papen claimed that it had been his aim from the very beginning to build a new Reich for and with the various states [Laender]. The Reich government is taking a definite federalist attitude. Its slogan is not a dreary centralism or unitarianism.

Wherever one did hear von Papen express himself in public, one did hear a chancellor who took special care to be regarded as an unconditional federalist.

Subject: Anti-Jewish action in foreign countries.

In conjunction with wired circular [Drahterlass] Multex number 196 of February 17th, 1944.

To the German Embassy in Ankara, Madrid, Paris the Office of the Reich Plenipotentiary for Italy, Fasano

the German Legation in Agram, Bern, Budapest, Bukarest, Helsingfors, Lisbon, Sofia, Stockholm

the Office of the Reich Plenipotentiary in Denmark in Kopenhagen

the German Consulate General Tangiers

the Athens Office of the Special Plenipotentiary of the Foreign Office for the Southeast

the Belgrad Office of the Special Plenipotentiary of the Foreign Office for the Southeast

the Office of the Foreign Office in Brussels

the Representative of the Foreign Office with the staff of the Reich Commissionar for the occupied Dutch territories in The Hague

the VAA. at the Reichs Commissionar Eastland in Riga

-each separately

1. The Reich Foreign Minister has ordered the creation of the Inf. Stelle XIV (Anti-Jewish action abroad under the leadership

of the Envoy I. K. Schleier). Its task is to deepen and to strengthen the anti-Jewish information in foreign countries. This will be done by the collection of all experts of the departments and working units of the Foreign Office who are interested and take part in the anti-Jewish information in foreign countries. It will also be done in close cooperation with all offices which are engaged with anti-Jewish work, but are outside the Foreign Office, and with German missions in Europe.

Besides the co-workers who are directly assigned to the Inf.Stelle XIV:

Commercial political department,

Cultural political department,
News and press department,

Radio political department,
Inland II

America-Committee,

England-Committee,

Deputy for the information system, furthermore

one permanent representative of the Reich Main Security Office

one representative of the office of Reichsleiter Rosenberg and the provisional Director of the Institute for the Research of the Jewish problem, Frankfurt.

It is intended that other offices engaged or interested in antiJewish work will also send permanent representatives to Inf. XIV. 2. It is necessary for the execution of the task charged to Inf. XIV that the missions send on all material available to them, about Jewish or anti-Jewish occurrences as completely as possible and by the quickest means. Not only material from the concerned country is wanted, but special emphasis must also be put on the procurement of documents which concern the countries with whom Germany is at war. This material must and can be procured almost exclusively via neutral countries.

The material collected at Inf. XIV will be edited in an appropriate way and will be put at the disposal of the missions for the best and greatest possible utilization.

It is the duty of the missions to make use of the material they receive in any and every possible way:

as basis for discussions for the members of the mission,

in the press,

in the radio of the country concerned, with measures which are at the disposal of the current information. (Activ-Information)

3. Individual reports about certain incidents of Jewish or antiJewish nature which come in from foreign countries will be forwarded by Inf. XIV to the departments of the office which are concerned with suitable suggestions for the purpose of further propagation.

The press department utilizes this material as much as possible in the news agency reports, such as the German News Buro (DNB), TO-EP and National Press Service (NPD).

The radio political department utilizes the reports in German and foreign language news broadcasts directed to foreign countries.

It is the task of the press and radio consultants of the missions to check all material coming in to them in order to find out, whether there are any anti-Jewish reports and whether and how these might be utilized in the press and in the radio of their respective country.

Inf. XIV will draw the special attention of the missions to reports where special emphasis is put on their propagation; this will be done from time to time by wired circular.

Besides these current news reports over press and radio, the mission will, from time to time, receive a collection of the material which comes in from all missions and which has a certain value and possibility for utilization, beyond the present moment.

Besides reports about actual individual incidents, the missions will currently receive documents from Inf. XIV on certain subjects, either as unfinished documents or as finished comments and articles. This material is also to be utilized in the best possible

way.

The missions are asked to report soon, how many copies of the material they want to receive each time, so that the material leaving by courier will be sent off from the beginning with the number of copies which are necessary for the practical work of the missions.

4. Current reports are to be made about the practical utilization of the material in foreign countries; corroborating documents are to be enclosed, as far as this is possible.

Special value is placed by the Reich Foreign Minister on this way of reporting.

5. In order to collect within the missions all questions connected with the anti-Jewish action in foreign countries, a member of the mission is to be appointed consultant for Jewish questions; however, this should not be the consultant for culture, if possible. (compare wired circular Multex number 196 of February 17th.) A wired report is requested as to, who has finally been appointed