Shades of Green: Business, Regulation, and EnvironmentStanford Law and Politics, 2003 - 210 pages In humankind's struggle to prevent further deterioration of its natural environment, the capitalist business corporation - typically thought of as a major source of that degradation - holds one of the keys to success. Yet current-day corporations are different shades of green, varying considerably in environmental performance. They range from environmental laggards who fail to meet even minimal standards to environmental leaders who go substantially beyond compliance with legal standards, with the large majority located at some point between these two poles. This in-depth study of fourteen pulp manufacturing mills in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand provides the most extensive and systematic empirical examination, to date, of the reasons firms achieve the levels of environmental performance that they do. Industrial point-source pollution, which has been regulated for ever threee decades, was an obvious focus for the research. The pulp and paper industry sector was chosen for study because, in every nation, pulp and paper mills, which historically have been sources of extremely serious water pollution and offensive fumes, have been at or near the top of the environmental agenda. Consequently, many firms have been compelled or induced to develop complex systems of internal regulation, facilitating the study of intercompany differences in environmental management abnd their relationship to environmental performance. |
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Page 21
... less legalistic and less punishment - oriented than their counterparts in the United States , have sometimes achieved equal or larger reductions in pollution . When regulators are more flexible in enforcing prescriptive rules , many ...
... less legalistic and less punishment - oriented than their counterparts in the United States , have sometimes achieved equal or larger reductions in pollution . When regulators are more flexible in enforcing prescriptive rules , many ...
Page 65
... less interested in where the pulp that goes into the paper they use comes from or how it is produced . There has been no significant demand from consumers or other customers for unbleached or chlorine - free or less bright paper product ...
... less interested in where the pulp that goes into the paper they use comes from or how it is produced . There has been no significant demand from consumers or other customers for unbleached or chlorine - free or less bright paper product ...
Page 86
... less con- straining economic license than smaller , less profitable firms . For the most part , we were able to obtain financial data only for the large corporations that own the individual pulp mills in our study , not for each mill ...
... less con- straining economic license than smaller , less profitable firms . For the most part , we were able to obtain financial data only for the large corporations that own the individual pulp mills in our study , not for each mill ...
Contents
The License to Operate and Corporate Environmental | 41 |
The License to Operate and Interfirm Differences | 75 |
Environmental Management Style and Corporate | 95 |
Copyright | |
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achieved analysis AOX discharges AOX emissions attitudes average BC2corp beyond-compliance measures bleaching bleaching chemicals BOD and TSS British Columbia chlorine dioxide chlorine-free Committed Compliers companies concerns corporate environmental performance correlation costs demands dioxin economic license effluent enforcement envi environ environmental activists environmental management style Environmental Management Systems environmental policies Environmental Regulation Environmental Strategists example external facilities firm's firms green Greenpeace impact innovative investment laggards license to operate ment mental management mill effluent mill managers mill-level mill's nomic paper industry percent permit limits production profit pulp and paper pulp mills reduce regulatory license regulatory permits regulatory regimes regulatory requirements relationship Reluctant Complier reputation response risk ronmental performance sample significant social license pressures standards strategy substantial tion Toxic Release Inventory True Believers U.S. EPA U.S. mills United vironmental wastewater water pollution win-win Zealand