Shades of Green: Business, Regulation, and EnvironmentStanford Law and Politics, 2003 - 210 pages In humankind's struggle to prevent further deterioration of its natural environment, the capitalist business corporation - typically thought of as a major source of that degradation - holds one of the keys to success. Yet current-day corporations are different shades of green, varying considerably in environmental performance. They range from environmental laggards who fail to meet even minimal standards to environmental leaders who go substantially beyond compliance with legal standards, with the large majority located at some point between these two poles. This in-depth study of fourteen pulp manufacturing mills in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand provides the most extensive and systematic empirical examination, to date, of the reasons firms achieve the levels of environmental performance that they do. Industrial point-source pollution, which has been regulated for ever threee decades, was an obvious focus for the research. The pulp and paper industry sector was chosen for study because, in every nation, pulp and paper mills, which historically have been sources of extremely serious water pollution and offensive fumes, have been at or near the top of the environmental agenda. Consequently, many firms have been compelled or induced to develop complex systems of internal regulation, facilitating the study of intercompany differences in environmental management abnd their relationship to environmental performance. |
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Page 83
... jurisdictions in this study , there is con- siderable flexibility in regulatory requirements . There is variation among mills within jurisdictions because regulators tailor facility - level permits and informal orders to individual ...
... jurisdictions in this study , there is con- siderable flexibility in regulatory requirements . There is variation among mills within jurisdictions because regulators tailor facility - level permits and informal orders to individual ...
Page 169
... jurisdictions , such as Sweden , where much of the technical research regarding promising new technolo- gies is being conducted . 8. Regulatory regimes do not evolve in isolation . On the contrary , jurisdictions commonly model their ...
... jurisdictions , such as Sweden , where much of the technical research regarding promising new technolo- gies is being conducted . 8. Regulatory regimes do not evolve in isolation . On the contrary , jurisdictions commonly model their ...
Page 186
... jurisdictions required that data be collected relatively frequently , there was no consistency as to how often data were reported . Facilities were some- times required to take daily measurements but only report annual averages . Data ...
... jurisdictions required that data be collected relatively frequently , there was no consistency as to how often data were reported . Facilities were some- times required to take daily measurements but only report annual averages . Data ...
Contents
The License to Operate and Corporate Environmental | 41 |
The License to Operate and Interfirm Differences | 75 |
Environmental Management Style and Corporate | 95 |
Copyright | |
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achieved analysis AOX discharges AOX emissions attitudes average BC2corp beyond-compliance measures bleaching bleaching chemicals BOD and TSS British Columbia chlorine dioxide chlorine-free Committed Compliers companies concerns corporate environmental performance correlation costs demands dioxin economic license effluent enforcement envi environ environmental activists environmental management style Environmental Management Systems environmental policies Environmental Regulation Environmental Strategists example external facilities firm's firms green Greenpeace impact innovative investment laggards license to operate ment mental management mill effluent mill managers mill-level mill's nomic paper industry percent permit limits production profit pulp and paper pulp mills reduce regulatory license regulatory permits regulatory regimes regulatory requirements relationship Reluctant Complier reputation response risk ronmental performance sample significant social license pressures standards strategy substantial tion Toxic Release Inventory True Believers U.S. EPA U.S. mills United vironmental wastewater water pollution win-win Zealand