lived less than one year after her marriage. Dr. James is a leading member of Bee-Hive Lodge, No. 393, at Lawson, and is also a member of the M. E. Church South, at that place. Dr. James is an able and popular physician, and James Bros. are doing a prosperous drug business. They are valuable citizens of the thriving little city of Lawson.

C. N. PALMER, M. D.

Dr. C. N. Palmer was born in Scott county, Kentucky, February 25, 1831. His parents removed to Independence, Jackson county, Missouri, in 1836, and there our subject attended school. He subsequently graduated from the State University at Columbia, in 1850, and began the study of medicine. He attended the St. Louis Medical College, graduating in 1853, and the next winter attended a post-graduate course of lectures at Philadelphia. He located for the practice of his profession in Clay county, Missouri, in the spring of 1854, and remained there until 1870, when he came to Lawson, in this county, and has since practiced there. Dr. Palmer was married in 1853, in Clay county, to Miss Susan Cook, who was born in Garrard county, Kentucky, in 1840. They became the parents of three children: Lutie C., Fanny A., Mary B. Mrs. Palmer died in 1869 and the Doctor was again married in 1873, to Josephine Hollingworth. They have three children: Patracia, Charles H., and Grace. Dr. Palmer enlisted in the Confederate army in 1861, and served throughout the He held the rank of lieutenant-colonel and participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, Seven Pines and the seven days fight at Richmond, Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee, besides numerous minor engagements. After the war was over he went to the west and traveled through the different states and territories to the Pacific ocean, returning after an absence of two and a half years, to Liberty, Clay county, Missouri, where he remained as above stated, practicing his profession, until his removal to Lawson. Dr. Palmer is an accomplished, experienced and successful physician, and a prominent and influential citizen of Ray county. He is a member of the Christian Church, of the Masonic fraternity, and of the I. O. O. F.

war.

ROBERT M. HUNTER.

Robert M. Hunter was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, December 3, 1841, and lived there until 1869, when he removed to Ray county, Missouri, and located upon his present farm. He has been a farmer and stock-raiser all his life. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land in a fine condition of cultivation, and well improved. He is also engaged in raising the best breeds of stock, among which are some thorough bred short-horn cattle. Mr. Hunter was married, October 3, 1871, in Ray county, Missouri, to Miss M. C. Rippy. They are the parents of

two children: Cora A., born December 27, 1872; Nannie A., born December 31, 1874. In the summer of 1863, Mr. Hunter enlisted in company B, 8th regiment Kentucky cavalry, C. S. A., and served until he was captured, in the summer of 1864, near Salineville, Ohio, during Morgan's raid, and held a prisoner of war at Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was finally discharged, and returned home to Kentucky. During the time he was in the army he engaged in the battles of Hartsville, Tennessee; Nashville, Elizabethtown, Rolling Fork, Louisville, Richmond, Winchester, Mt. Sterling, and Green River bridge, besides other less important ones. Mr. Hunter is a leading farmer, and a valuable and highly respected member of the community, and citizen of Ray county.

BENJAMIN STURGIS.

Benjamin Sturgis was born in Madison county, Ohio, October 14, 1830. At the age of ten years he came with his parents to Caldwell county, Missouri, and lived there until 1878, when he came to this county. He was reared upon a farm, and has been all his life engaged in the business of farming. Mr. Sturgis was married, first, in 1854, in Caldwell county, Missouri, to Miss Filley, by Rev. Mr. Kirkpatrick. The issue of this marriage was two children: George and Lucy Jane. His wife died in 1856, and in 1858, Mr. Sturgis was again married by Rev. Mr. Williams, to Lucy Violet, of Clay county. They are the parents of seven children: William, Nero, Benjamin, Oliver, Clara, living, and Matthew and Phoebe, dead. The second Mrs. Sturgis died in 1876. Mr. Sturgis is a leading member of the Christian Union Church.

GRIFFIN I. WINGER.

Griffin I. Winger was born in Roanoke county, Virgina, May 1, 1849. His parents removed to Ray county, Missouri, when our subject was but three years old, and settled upon the same place where he now resides. He owns one hundred and forty-three acres of good farming lands, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation and productiveness. Mr. Winger was married in the month of March, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Ray, a native also of Roanoke county, Virginia. She was born May 21, 1850. They have three children: Bertha A., born August 19, 1872; Marcus B., born April 13, 1874; James W., born August 11, 1880. Mr. Winger and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. The parents of our subject were natives of Virginia; his father died January 8, 1859; his mother is living with him on the old homestead. Mr. Winger is a well-to-do farmer, and a respected citizen of Polk township.

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YILDEN FOUNDATIONS

WILLIAM CROWLEY.

William Crowley was born in Powell Valley, Tennessee, October 31, 1816. He is the son of Isham Crowley, also a native of Tennessee. Soon after the birth of William, his father removed to the state of Alabama, where the family lived for about thirteen years, and then in 1829, removed to Clay county, Missouri. Our subject remained about eleven years in Clay county, and then going to Clinton county, lived there during eight years. In the year 1849, he came to Ray county and has continued a citizen and a farmer of this county ever since. He owns a valuable farm (section seven, township fifty-four, range twenty-nine,) of two hundred and ten acres of very fertile farming land, well fenced, and in an excellent condition of cultivation, with fine, thrifty bearing orchards, and an abundance of pure water for the numerous herds of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, with which the pastures are stocked. The farm is improved by a handsome, commodious and conveniently arranged dwelling house, a large and substantially built barn and granaries, sheds and other buildings for the protection of stock and the shelter of grain, feed, etc. Mr. Crowley is also engaged, to a considerable extent, in buying and selling live stock, and devotes particular attention to breeding and raising the best varieties. He is a thrifty, practical, experienced farmer, and the condition of his model farm bears testimony to his success, in that, his chosen branch of business. Mr. Crowley was married November 19, 1840, by Rev. John Edwards, to Miss Margaret Miller, a native of Clay county, Missouri, born May 29, 1825. The issue of this marriage was ten children, all but one of whom are living: James I., born February 7, 1843; William T., born May 5, 1845; Susan F., born March 8, 1848; John W., born January 6, 1850; Eugenia K., born April 2, 1852; David M., born August 21, 1854; George W., born April 8, 1858; Barnum M., born September 4, 1860; U. S. Grant, born August 27, 1863; A. B. Lincoln, born September 18, 1865, (died in infancy.) Mr. Crowley has served during four successive terms, of four years each, as justice of the peace in his township, and was justice of the Ray county court during a term of four years. He discharged the duties of these positions of trust and honor with the same judgment and ability with which he has so successfully managed his individual business. His conduct in public as well as in private life, has always been highly honorable and just. He and his wife, with several of the children, are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of Grange No. 1129, P. of H.