PART III Human Resource Development Part III discusses Federal programs that help people who have inadequate incomes, who do not receive essential health or welfare services, or who need help in obtaining education, training, or employment. The programs discussed offer financial and other aid that goes directly to persons, as well as assistance that benefits persons by strengthening community services. Assistance which is channeled to public and private nonprofit agencies such as universities, and to State welfare, health, education, and employment agencies is also discussed. Chapter 7, Welfare and Social Services, discusses Federal welfare and social insurance programs which help in the purchase or supply of goods and services for needy, aged, dependent, ill, or disabled persons and families. Chapter 8, Health, discusses programs which support: (1) planning for and provision of comprehensive services, (2) health services for preschool and school children, (3) maternity, infant care, and other CATALOG 399 child health care activities, (4) disease control activities, (5) training of health personnel, (6) safety in use of products and regulation of environmental conditions, and (7) development of new or improved techniques or services through demonstration and research projects. Chapter 9, Education and Culture, discusses programs which support educational and cultural activities. Included in this chapter are programs that strengthen educational opportunities for students and teachers, expand opportunities for continuing education and adult education, and support improvements in library and cultural resources. Chapter 10, Manpower Development and Employment Assistance, discusses programs which support training opportunities for unemployed and underemployed persons and rehabilitation programs for handicapped persons. The programs discussed in Chapter 10 also offer assistance for counseling and guidance of people who need new or better jobs. The Model Cities (Model Neighborhoods In Demonstration Cities) program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development cuts across most, if not all, of the programs discussed in this part. This program is designed to encourage cities of all sizes to develop new, innovative, comprehensive, and coordinated programs to deal with their basic human and physical problems, and to make more effective use of Federal grantin-aid programs which have an impact on urban areas. Under the Model Cities program, grants may be made to plan, develop, and carry out locally-designed programs that will improve education, combat disease and ill health, reduce dependence on welfare payments, reduce the incidence of crime and delinquency, enhance recreational and cultural opportunities, enlarge opportunities for training and employment, and generally improve the quality of life in smaller communities and entire neighborhoods of large cities. The Model Cities program is discussed in further detail in Chapter 3 starting on page 34. Chapter 7 WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES General Information and Assistance Aged and Retired Ill and Handicapped Unemployed Needy Families Children and Youth, Juvenile Delinquents Food Assistance Welfare and social services, including financial assistance, are available to help needy persons and families obtain basic necessities and health care. In addition, social insurance programs provide individuals, regardless of need, with protection against loss of income and help older people pay for hospitalization and medical care. Social insurance programs enable people to protect themselves and their families against loss of income resulting from unemployment, disability, old age, retirement, or death, and against the principal costs of medical care. Participants in social insurance programs and their employers, as well as the self-employed, make regular contributions to a government agency which holds the funds in trust. For most social insurance programs, the trust agent is the Federal Government. For unemployment insurance programs, the State acts as the trust agent. Social insurance programs, with the exception of unemployment insurance, are directly administered by the Social Security Administration of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. States assume primary responsibility in the operation of unemployment insurance programs, but Federal funds reimburse States for administrative costs. The principal social service activities of the Federal Government are administered by the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW).* These programs provide grants to States to help them meet the costs of assisting needy persons and families, improving and expanding maternal and child health and welfare programs, and providing vocational rehabilitation services. Assistance is also given to States to pay part of the cost of social services for the disabled, blind, aged, mentally retarded, and children who are deprived of parental care or support. The welfare assistance discussed in this chapter is available only for specified groups. General cash assistance is the responsibility of State and local governments. For the most part, the activities discussed in this chapter are arranged in sections by special population groups (aged and retired, ill and handicapped, unemployed, needy families, children and youth, and juvenile delinquents). However, three sections-the first and the final two-do not follow this pattern. The first section, General Information and Assistance, discusses the operation of welfare programs, technical and demonstration assistance, and specialized programs—the Model Cities program, and aid for veterans and Indians which is not discussed in the other sections of the chapter. The last two sections of the chapter, Housing Assistance and Food Assistance, discuss aid that may be applicable to all the population groups previously mentioned. * The SRS was recently organized to bring together welfare activities and mental retardation and vocational rehabilitation programs which had been in separate operating agencies. The SRS will further coordination among such programs at State and community as well as Federal levels. Agencies within the SRS include: Administration on Aging; Rehabilitation Services Administration; Children's Bureau, Medical Services Administration; and the Assistance Payments Administration. (The last three were in the former Welfare Administration of HEW.) GENERAL INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE Operation of Welfare Programs Under the Federal-State-local welfare program, needy persons receive assistance from local welfare agencies. Local programs are operated or supervised by State welfare agencies. Federal funds support welfare programs in States that have HEW-approved plans for aiding communities and individuals. Local officials should obtain advice from the appropriate State agency as to the specific content of each plan. In general, plans cover the following: 1. Relationships among State and local agencies 2. 3. 4. Coordination among programs Policies to assure effective operation of programs throughout Provisions for non-Federal share of funds 5. Provisions for effective and efficient administration of programs Technical and Demonstration Assistance The Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) provides technical and financial assistance to associated State agencies. SRS aid covers all social service and welfare activities and includes advice and financial contributions for training personnel in social service and welfare-related fields. The SRS may provide consultation to community organizations and nonprofit institutions as well as to State agencies. Three programs of the Social and Rehabilitation Service are available to help State and local welfare and health agencies evaluate their programs and improve their effectiveness in meeting health and social welfare needs, including the needs of welfare recipients. These programs are Research and Demonstration Projects in Social Welfare; Demonstration Projects in Public Assistance; and Child Welfare Research, Training, and Demonstration Projects. (Prior to August 15, 1967, these programs were administered by the Welfare Administration of HEW.) Research and Demonstration Grants in Social Welfare help support projects that reduce or prevent dependency on welfare, facilitate planning between public and voluntary welfare agencies, and improve the administration and effectiveness of public welfare and social security programs. CATALOG 344 272 250 |