Obedience required, and DEUTERONOMY. an exhortation thatela, you, and that ye may prolong your days in and the ftatutes, and the judgments, which the land which ye thall potfels. the LORD our God hath commanded you! 21 Then thou shalt fay unto thy fon, We СНАР. VI. The end of the law is obedience: 3 an ex- were Pharaoh's tondmen in Egypt, and the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty bartation thereto. Now there are the commandments, the hand. ftatutes, and the judgments, which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go to poffcfs it: 2 That thou mighteft fear the LORD thy God, to keep all his ftatutes, and his commandments, which I command thee: thou, and thy fon, and thy fon's for., all the days of thy life, and that thy days may be prolonged. 3 Hear, therefore, O lirael, and obferve to do it; that it may be well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promited thee, in the land that floweth with milk and honey. 4 Hear, O Ifrael; the LORD our God is one LORD. 5 And thou fhalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy foul, and with all thy might. 6 And thefe words, which I command thee this day, fhall be in thine heart. 7 And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou fitteft in thine houfe, and when thou walkeft by the way, and when thou lieft down, and when thou rifert up. 8 And thoufhal bind them for a fign upon thine hand, and they thall be as frontlets be tween thine eyes. 9 And thou that write them upon the posts of thy houfe, and on thy gates. 10 And it shall be, when the LORD thy God thall have brought thee into the land which he fware unto thy tachers, to Abraham, to Ifaac, and to Jacob, to give thee great and goodly cities which thou buildedit not, 11 And houfes full of all good things which thou filledit not, and wells digged which thou diggedit not, vineyards and olive-trees which thou plantedit not; when thou shalt have eaten and be full; 12 Then beware left thou forget the LORD, which brought thee forth out of the land of Egyp, from the house of bondage. 13 Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God, and ferve him, and shalt fwear by his name. 14 Ye shall not go atter other gods, of the gods of the people which are round about you; 15 (For the LORD thy God is a jealous God among you;) let the anger of the LORD thy God be kindled against thee, and de. ftroy thee from off the face of the earth. 16 Ye hali not tempt the LORD your God, as ye tempted him in Malah. 17 Ye shall diligently keep the command ments of the LORD your God, and his teftimonies, and his itatutes, which he hath commanded thee. 18 Anthou fhalt do that which is right and good in the fight of the LORD; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayeft go in and poffefs the good land which the LORD fware unto thy fadiers; 19 To caft out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath spoken. 20 And when thy fon aileth thee in time to come, saying, What mean the testimonies, 22 And the LORD fhewed figns and wonders, great and fore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his houfehold, betore our eyes: 23 And he brought as out from thence, that he might bring us in, to give us the land which he fware unto our fathers. 24 And the LORD commanded us to do all thefe ftatutes, to fear the LORD our God, for our good always, that he might preferve us alive, as it is at this day. 25 And it thail be our righteoufness, if we obferve to do all these commandments before the LORD our God, as he hath commanded us. С НА Р. VII. 1 All communion with the nations forbidden, 4 for fear of idolatry, and other rrujons. » WHEN the LORD thy God thall bring thee into the land whither thou goeff to poffefs it, and hath cait out many nations before thee, the Hittites, 2nd the Girgafh. ites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Ferizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebafites, feven nations greater and mightier than thou; 2 And when the LORD thy God thall deliver them before thee, thou shalt fmite them, and utterly deuroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor fhew mercy unto them; 3 Neither thalt thou make marriages with them: thy daughter thou that no give unto his fon, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy fon. 4 For they will turn away thy fon from following me, that they may ferve other gods: fo will the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and deftroy thee fuddenly. 5 But thus fhall ye deal with them; ye fhall deftroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire. 6 For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chofen thee to be a fpecial people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth. 7 The LORD did not fet his love upon you, nor choofe you, becaufe ye were more in numeber than any people; (for ye were the teweft of all people ;) 8 But because the Lord loved you, and be caufe he would keep the oath which he had fworn unto your achers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and re deemed you out of the houfe of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. y now, therefore, that the LORD thy God he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love hims and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations; 10 And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be flack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face. & Thow thalt therefore keep the command Exhortations to obedience. go in and poffefs the land which the LORD fware unto your fathers. Exhortations to obedience. Chap. vill. ments, and the ftatutes, and the judgments, which I command thee this day, to do them. 12 Wherefore it thall come to pafs, if ye hearken to thefe judgments, and keep and do them, that the LORD thy God thail keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which he fware unto thy fathers. 13 And he will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: he will alfo blefs the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil, the increate of thy kine, and the flocks of thy fheep, in the land which he fware unto thy fathers to give thee. 14 Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle. 15 And the LORD will take away from thee all acknefs, and will put none of the evil difcafes of Egypt, which thou knoweit, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee. 16 And thou shalt confume all the people which the LORD thy God fhall deliver thee; thine eye shall have no pity upon them; neither halt thou ferve their gods; for that will be a snare unto thee. 17 If thou shalt fay in thine heart, Thefe nations are more than 1, how can I difpof fel's them? 18 Thou shalt not be afraid of them; but thalt well remember what the LORD thy God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt: 19 The great temptations which thine eyes faw, and the figns, and the wonders, and the mighty hand, and the stretched-out arm, whereby the LORD thy God brought thee out; fo fhall the Load thy God do unto all the people of whom thou art afraid. Moreover the LORD thy God will fend the hornet among them, until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be de#royed. 21 Thou shalt not be affrighted at them: for the LORD thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. 22 And the LORD thy God will put out thofe nations before thee by little and little: thou mayeft not confume them at once, left the bearts of the field increase upon thee. 23 But the LORD thy God thail deliver them unto thee, and fhall destroy them with a mighty deftruction, until they be defroyed. 24 And he thall deliver their kings into thine hand, and thou shalt deftroy their name from under heaven: there shall man be able to stand before thee, until thou have deftroyed them. 25 The graven images of their gods fhail ye burn with fire; thou shalt not defire the filver or gold that is on them, nor take it unto thee, left thou be fnared therein: for it is an abomination to the LORD thy God. 26 Neither thalt thou bring an abomination Into thy houfe, left thou be a curfed thing like it: but thou thalt utterly decent it, and thou shalt utterly abhor it; for it is a curfed thing. CHAP. VIII. An exhortation to obedience in regard of mand thee this day fhall ye obferve to do, that ye may live, and multiply, and 2 And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee there forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldeft keep his com mandments or no. 3 And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewett not, neither did thy fathers know, that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live. 4 Thy raiment waxed not old upon thee, neither did thy foot fwell, thefe forty years. 5 Thou shalt alfo contider in thine heart, that, as a man chaiteneth his fon, fo the LORD thy God chatteneth thee. 6 Therefore thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to fear him. 7 For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land; a land of brooks of water, of fountains, and depths that fpring out of val lies and hills; 8 A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig-trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil-olive and honey; 9 A land wherein thou shalt eat bread with out fcarcenefs, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whofe ftones are iron, and out of whofe hills thou mayeft dig brass. 10 When thou hait eaten and art full, then thon fhalt ble's the LORD thy God, for the good land which he hath given thee. 11 Beware that chou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his ftatutes, which i command thee this day: 12 Left, quhen thou hatt eaten and art full, and bait built goodly houfes, and dwelt therein; 13 And when thy herds and thy flocks mul tiply, and thy filver and thy gold is multiplied, and all that thou haft is multiplied; 14 Then thine hear: be litted up, and thou ferget the LORD thy God which brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage; 15 Who led thee through that great and terrible wilderness, wherein were fiery fer. pents, and fcorpions, and drought, where there was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint; 16 Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end; 17 And thou fay in thine heart, My power, and the might of my hand, hath gotten me this wealth. 18 But thou fhalt remember the LORD thy Gol for it is he tha giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his cove nant, which he fware unto thy fathers, as it is this day. 19. And it shall be, if thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and walk after other gois, and ferve them, and worship them, i teftify against you this day, that ye shall furely verith. 20 As the nations which the LORD de fryeth before your face, fo shall ye perith; becauf. Mojes rebearfelh the DEUTERONOMY. rebellions of ifract because ye would not be obedient unto the and I will make of thee a nation mightier and voice of the LORD your God. greater than they. СНАР. IX. Mofes difuadeth them from the opinion of their own righteousness, by rehearing their feveral rebellians. EAR, O Ifrael; Thou art to pass over 15 80 I turned and came down from the mount, and the mount burned with fire; and the two tables of the covenant were in my two hands. 16 And I looked, and, behold, ye had fin Hjordan this day, to go in to pollefs na ned against the LORD your God, and had tions greater and mightier than thyself, cities great, and fenced up to heaven; 2 A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard fay, Who can ftand be fore the children of Anak? 3 Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God is he which goeth over before thee as a confuming fire; he thall destroy them, and he fall bring them down before thy face: fo fhalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath feid unto thee. 4 Speak not thou in thine heart, after that the LORD thy God hath caft them out from before thee, faying, For my rightcoufnefs the LORD hath brought me in to poffefs this land; but for the wickedness of thefe nations the LORD doth drive them out from before thee. 5 Not for thy righteoufnefs, or for the up. sightness of thine heart, doft thou go to poffefs their land; but for the wickednefs of thefe nations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and that he may perform the word which the LORD fware un. to thy fathers, Abraham, Ifaac, and Jacob. 6 Understand therefore that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this good land to poffefs it for thy righteoufnefs; for thou art a fiff-necked people. 7 Remember, and forget not, how thou provokedft the LORD thy God to wrath in the wilderness: from the day that thou didst depart out of the land of Egypt, until ye came unco this place, ye have been rebellious against the LORD. 8 Allo in Horeb ye provoked the LORD to wrath, fo that the LORD was angry with you, to have deftroyed you. 9 When I was gone up into the mount, to receive the tables of ftone, even the tables of the covenant which the LORD made with you, then I abode in the mount forty days and forty nights I neither did eat bread nor drink water: 10 And the LORD delivered unto me two tables of ttone, written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the words which the LORD fpake with you in the mount, out of the midit of the fire, in the day of the affembly. 11 And it came to pat's at the end of forty days and forty nights, that the LORD gave me the two tables of tone, even the tables of the covenant. 12 And the LORD faid unto me, Arife, get thee down quickly from hence; for thy pen pie which thou haft brought forth out of Egypt have corrupted themfeives: they are quickly turae 1 afide out of the way which I commanded then; they have made then a molten image. Furthermore, the LORD fpake unto me, faying, I have feen this people, and, behold, it is a fit-necked people." -14 Let me alone, that I may destroy them, and blo: out cheis name from under heaven: made you a molten calf : ye had turned ande quickly out of the way which the LORD had commanded you. 17 And I took the two tables, and caft them out of my two hands, and brake them before your eyes. 18 And I fell down before the LORD, as at the first, torty days and torty nights: I did neither eat bread nor drink water, because of all your tins which ye finned, in doing wickedly in the fight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. 19 For 1 was afraid of the anger and hot difpleafure wherewith the LORD was wroth against you to deftroy you.) But the LORD hearkened unto me at that time alfo. 20 And the LORD was very angry with Aa → ron to have deftroyed him: and I prayed for Aaron alfo the fame time. 21 and I took your fin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire, and fìamp ed it, and ground it very fmall, even until it was as finall as duft: and I caft the duft thereof into the brook that defcended out of the mount. 22 And at Taberah, and at Maffah, and at Kibroth-hattaavab, ye provoked the LORD to wrath. 23 ikewife, when the LORD fent you from Kadeth-barnea, faying, Go up and poifefs the lead which I have given you; then ye rebel led againit the commandment of the LORD your God, and ye believed him not, nor hearkene. to his voice. 24 Ye have been rebellious against the LORD from the day that I knew you. 25 Thus I fell down before the LORD forty> days and forty nights, as I fell down at the firft; because the LORD had faid he would de ftroy you. 26 i prayed therefore unto the LORD, and faid, O Lord Gon, deftroy not thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou haft re cemed through thygreatness, which thou haft brought forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand. 27 Remember thy fervants, Abraham, Ifaac, and Jacob: look not unto the stubbornness of this people, nor to their wickedness, nor to their fin 28 Left the land whence thou broughteft us out fay, Because the LORD was not able to bring them into the land which he promifed them, and because he hated them, he hath brought them out to lay them in the wilderness. 20 Yet they are thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou broughteft out by thy mighty power, and by thy fretched out arm. CHAP. X. God's mercy in refloring the two tables. T that time the LORD faid unto me, Hew Ae two tables of fone like unto the firit, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark or wood. 2 And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brak, The two tables renewed. Chap. xl. eft, and thou shalt put them in the ark. 3 And I made an ark of thittim-wood, and hewed two tables of ftone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand. And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the en commandments, which the LORD fpake unto you in the mount out of the midft of the fire, in the day of the affembly: and the LORD gave them unto And I turned myfelf, and came down from the mount, and put the tables in the ark which I had made, and there they be, as the LORD commanded me. 6 And the children of Ifrael took their journey from Beeroth of the children of Jaakan to Mofera: there Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his fon miniftered in the priest's office in his ftead. 7rom thence they journeyed anto Gud godah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbath, a land of rivers of waters. 8 At that time the LORD feparated the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the cove nant of the LORD, to ftand before the LORD, to minilter unto him, and to blefs in his name, unto this day. 9 Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inhe ritance with his brethren: the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promifed him.. 10 And I stayed in the mount, according to the firit time, forty days and forty nights, and the LORD hearkened unto me at that time alio, and the LORD would not deftroy thee. 1 And the LORD faid unto me, Arife, take thy journey before the people, that they may go in and peffefs the land which I fware unto their fathers to give unto them. 12 And now Ifrael, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to ferve the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy foul, 13 To keep the commandments of the LoRn, and his fautes, which I command thee this day for thy good? 14 Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD's thy God, the earth elfs, with all that therein is. 15 Only The LORD had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he chose their feed after them, even you, above all people, as it is this day. 16 Circumcife therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more ftiff-necked. 17 For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not perfons, nor taketh reward. 18 He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the ftranger, in giving him food and raiment. 19 Love ye therefore the franger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. 20 Thon fhalt fear the LORD thy God; Rim fhalt thou ferve, and to him fhalt thou cleave, and fwear by his name. 25 He is thy praite, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee thefe great and terrible things which thine eyes have feen. 22 Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten perfons; and now the Loxo An exhortation to obedience. thy God hath made thee as the ftars of hea ven for multitude. CHAP. XI. An exhortation to obedience. 26 A blefing and a curse is fet before them. Theod, and keep his charge, and his Herefore thou shalt love the LORD thy flautes, and his judgments, and his com mandments, alway. 2 And kno ye this day; for I speak not with your children which have not known, and which have not feen the chaftifemen of the LORD your God, his greatness, his mighty hand, and his ftretched-out arm, 3 And his miracles, and his acts, which he did in the midft of Egypt, unto Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and unto all his land; 4 And what he did unto the army of Fgypt, unto their horfes, and to their chariots; how he made the water of the Red fea to over. flow them as they pursued after you, and how the LORD hath destroyed them unto this day; And what he did unto you in the wil. dernefs, until ye came into this place; 6 And what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the fons of Eliab, the fon of Reuben; how the earth opened her mouth and fwal lowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and all the fubftance that was in their poffertion, in the midst of all irael. 7 Bu your eyes have seen all the great acts of the LORD which he did. 8 Therefore thall ye keep all the commandments which I command you this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and poffefs the land whither ye go to poffefs it; 9 And that ye may prolong your days in the land which the LORD fware unto your fathers to give unto them, and to their feed, a land that floweth with milk and honey. 10 For the land, whither thou goest in to poffefs it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou fowedft thy feed, and wateredit it with thy foot, as a gaŕden of herbs: 11 But the land, whither ye go to poffefs it, is a land of hills and vallies, and drinketh water of the rain of heaven; 12 A land which the LORD thy God careth for: the eyes of the LORD thy God are al ways upon it, from the beginning of the year even unto the end of the ear. 13 And it thall come to pafs, if ye shall hearken diligently unto my commandments which I command you this day, to love the LORD your God, and to ferve him with all your heart, and with all your foul, 14 That I will give you the rain of your land in his due feafon, the first rain, and the latter rain, that thou mayeft gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil. 15 And I will fend grafs in thy fields for thy cattle, that thou mayeft eat and be full. 16 Take heed to yourfelves, that your heart be not deceived, and ye turn afide, and ferve other gods, and worship them; 17 And then the LORD's wrath be kindled against you, and he shut up the heaven that there be no rain, and that the land yield not her fruit, and left ye perifh quickly from off the good land which the Lord giveth you. 18 Therefore fhall ye lay up thefe my words in your heart, and in your foul, and bind them for a sign upon your hand, that they Blessings and curfes. DEUTERONOMY. God's place of worship to be kept. they may be as frontlets between your eyes. 19 And ye thail teach them your children, fpeaking of them when thou Gittet in thine houte, and when thou walkett by the way, when thou lieft down, and when thou rifest up. 20 And thou shalt write them upon the doorpofts of thine houfe, and upon thy gates; 21 That your days may be multiplied, and the days of your children, in the land which the LORD fware unto your fathers to give them, as the days of heaven upon the earth. 22 For if ye thall diligently keep all these commandments which I command you to do them, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cleave unto him; 23 Then will the LORD drive out all thefe nations from before you, and ye thall poffefs greater nations and mightier than yourselves. 24 Fvery place whereon the foles of your feet thall treat thall be your's: from the wil. derness, and Lebanon, from the river, the river Puphrates, even unto the uttermoit fea, fhail your coat be. 25 There hail no man be able to frand before you: for the LORD your God fhall lay the fear of you and the dread of you upon all the land that ye shall tread upon, as he hath faid unto you. 26 Behold, I fet before you this day a blesting and a curfe; 27 A bletting, it ye obey the commandments of the LORD your God, which I command you this day; 28 And a curfe, if ye will not obey the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn afide our of the way which I command you this day, to go after other gods which ye have not known. 29 And it shall come to pafs, when the LORD thy God hath brought thee in unto the land whither thou goeft to poffefs it, that thou falt put the blething upon mount Gerizim, and the curfe upon mount Ebal. 30 Are they no: on the other fide Jordan, by the way where the fun goeth down, in the land of the Canaanites, which dwell in the champaign over againft Gilgal, befide the plains of Moreh! 31 For ye thall pafs over Jordan, to go in to poffefs the land which the LORD your God giveth you, and ye thall poffefs it, and dwell therein. 32 And ye shall obferve to do all the ftatutes and judgments which I fet before you this day CHA P. XII. 5 But unto the place which the LORD your God fhall choofe out of all your tribes, to put his name there, even unto his habitation thail ye feck, and chither thou shalt come : 6 And thither ye thall bring your burnt-offerings, and your facrifices, and your tithes, and heave-offerings of your hand, and your vows, and your free-will-offerings, and the firitlings of your herds and of your flocks. x 7 And there ye thall eat before the LORD your God; and ye thall rejoice in all that ye put your hand unto, ye and your households, wherein the LORD thy God hath bleffed thee. 8 Ye fhall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes. 9 For ye are not as yet come to the reft and to the inheritance, which the LORD your God giveth you. 10 But when ye go over Jordan, and dwell in the land which the LORD your God giveth you to inherit, and when he giveth you reft from all your enemies round about, fo that ye dwell in fafety; II Then there fhall be a place which the LORD your God thall choofe, to cause his name to dwell there, thither thall ye bring all that I command yon; your burnt-offerings, and your facrifices, your tithes, and the heave-offering of your hand, and all your choice vows which ye vow unto the LORD, 12 And ye thall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye, and your fons, and your daugh ters, and your men-fervants, and your maidfervants, and the Levite that is within your gates; forafmuch as he hath no part nor inheritance with you. 13 Take heed to thyfelf, that thou offer nor thy burnt-offerings in every place that thou feeft: 14 But in the place which the LORD hall choofe in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt-oiterings, and there thou shalt do all that I command thee. 15 Notwithitanding, thou mayeft kill and cat flesh in all thy gates, what foever thy foul luiteth after, according to the blening of the LORD thy God which he hath given thee: the unclean and the clean may eat thereof, as of the roe-buck, and as of the hart. 16 Only ye thall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water. 17 Thou mayeft not eat within thy gates the tithe of thy corn, or of thy wine, or of thy oil, or the firitlings of thy herds, or of thy flock, nor any of thy vows which thou voweft, nor thy free-will-offerings, or heave offering of thine hand: 18 But thou must eat them before the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD thy God thall choose, thou, and thy fon, and thy daughter, and thy man-fervant, and thy maid-fervant, and the Levite that is within thy gates: and thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God in all that thou puttest thine hands unto. 19 Take heed to thy felf that thou forfake not the Levite as long as thou liveft upon the earth. 20When the LORD thy God fhall enlarge thy border, as he hath promifed thee, and thou shalt fay, 1 will eat flesh, (because thy foul longeth to eat flesh,) thou mayeft eat flesh, whatfoever thy foul lufteth after, . |