The Winfred Overholser Division of Clinical Research plans, develops, and con-
ducts research programs and projects to obtain new knowledge of the causes
of mental disorders, and of the factors bearing upon their treatment and
possible prevention. Examples of recently completed and current projects
include:

(1) The development and demonstration of improved treatment techniques for early return to the community of geriatric patients; (2) the investigation of reading and learning problems in hospitalized mentally ill children; (3) the investigation of possible psychological factors influencing the development of criminal behavior; (4) study of social environments of patients admitted to Saint Elizabeths Hospital from Health Area D of the District of Columbia, particularly with regard to the possible role of social stress in precipitating the need for hospitlization; (5) the investigation of possible chromosome abnormalities in mentally ill persons, especially those with concurrent neurologic disease and those with a history of serious antisocial behavior and/or drug abuse; (6) the demonstration of conditioning techniques in improving the self-care and social behavior of adult patients with severe mental retardation; and (7) the investigation of long-range patterns of behavioral abnormality in schizophrenic patients, with particular emphasis on developing methods of predicting such patterns in individual cases to permit more effective prevention. (05-10 Behavioral & Social Sciences Psychology) (05-11 Behavioral & Social Sciences Sociology) (06-05 Biological & Medical Sciences - Clinical Medicine)

ADDITIONAL COSATI CODES:

SURVEY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES

Conducted By THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION For The

FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

537

588

None

9. COMMENT AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES:

Projects described in NIMH Annual Reports.

7. MAJOR FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES (Include COSATI Codes): The National Institutes of Health is composed of the National Library of Medicine, the Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training and 12 research Institutes and Divisions. Eleven of these have research laboratories and some also have hospital beds or other facilities for clinical research. They are: National Cancer Institute, National Heart Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Eye Institute* Division of Biologics Standards and the Division of Computer Research and Technology. The National Institute of General Medical Sciences supports grant and contract research and training in fields not covered by the categorical foci at other Institutes; it has no intramural laboratories or clinics.

Separate inventory forms are provided for all of these Institutes and Divisions.
However, overall policy and program direction, general administrative, engineering
and personnel services, etc. and a variety of other services and facilities are
provided by NIH. The Clinical Center is operated as a research hospital for all
of the Institutes which have clinical programs. The Division of Research Services
provides laboratory animals, veterinary pathology service, biomedical engineering
and instrumentation development, library, and visual arts services. The Division
of Research Grants supervises central grant application referral and review and
grants policy.

*For purposes of this inventory, the NEI is included in National Institute of

Neurological Diseases and Stroke, because NEI was not activated until July 1, 1969.

A.

ADDITIONAL COSATI CODES:

SURVEY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES

Conducted By THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION For The

FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

589

8. MAJOR EQUIPMENT: The Division of Research Services has a wide range of regular 590 and special equipment appropriate to its mission:

Large animal rearing and quarantine facilities

special pathogen-free laboratory animal colinies
gnotobiotic (germfree) animal equipment

ultra high speed motion picture camera (10,000 frames/second)
animation camera and stand for cinematography

high volume sampler (for sampling virus and bacteria)

ultracentrifuge

smoke system

ozone sensing device

-

extra large x-ray for large animals horse, cow, etc.

experimental laser system

complete machine shop for fabrication of prototype laboratory instruments (mechanical, electronic, etc.)

The Clinical Center has automated clinical laboratory equipment of a highly sophisticated nature, a radiation safety laboratory, whole-body counters, scintillation counter, "tetra-scanner" for brain scans, and a pharmaceutical development laboratory. The Division of Research Grants, in addition to its functions of referral and review of grants, operates statistical systems for collating information on biomedical research grants supported by NIH and DHEW.

9. COMMENT AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES: The NIH Almanac, published annually, describes the structure and functions of the central organization and the Institutes and Divisions of NIH. This is available through the office of the Director of Information, NIH (301-496-5787). An annual scientific directory and bibliography is also available from the same source.

7. MAJOR FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES (Include COSATI Codes):
The Division of Biologics Standards is assigned the regulatory responsibility of
carrying out the biologics control provisions of the Public Health Service Act. All
research conducted is related to this basic function. The Division strives to
establish the necessary standards for new materials as quickly as possible.

There are six laboratories within the Division each with its own area of emphasis. The Laboratory of Bacterial Products is concerned with bacterial infections such as tetanus, typhoid, pertussis, cholera, tuberculosis and allergic reactions. The Laboratory of Blood and Blood Products embraces several major areas the preparation and characterization of blood products, investigations of their stability and potency and standardization and improvement of assay techniques. The Laboratory of Control Activities has responsibility for performing several tests on all biological products In addition, it performs research on antivenins and rabies vaccines. The Laboratory of Pathology has a continuing program to study the pathogenesis of infectious diseases using animal models. The research program of the Laboratory of Viral Immunology studies such problems as rubella, hepatitis, smallpox, measles, and mumps. The Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiology has responsibility for influenza vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, adenoviruses and arborviruses. In addition, the Division has a Contract Program which is designed to obtain data beyond those which can be obtained within the framework of its direct operations.

(06-01 Biochemistry; 06-03 Biology; 06-13 Microbiology; 06-15 Pharmacology; 07-03 Organic Chemistry)

A. ADDITIONAL COSATI CODES:

SURVEY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES

Conducted By THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION For The

FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

591