Green Composites: Polymer Composites and the EnvironmentCaroline Baillie, Randika Jayasinghe Elsevier, 2004 M09 1 - 320 pages There is an increasing movement of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to minimising the environmental impact of polymer composite production. Life cycle assessment is of paramount importance at every stage of a product’s life, from initial synthesis through to final disposal and a sustainable society needs environmentally safe materials and processing methods. With an internationally recognised team of contributors, Green Composites examines fibre reinforced polymer composite production and explains how environmental footprints can be diminished at every stage of the life cycle.The introductory chapters look at why we should consider green composites, their design and life cycle assessment. The properties of natural fibre sources such as cellulose and wood are then discussed. Chapter 6 examines recyclable synthetic fibre-thermoplastic composites as an alternative solution and polymers derived from natural sources are covered in Chapter 7. The factors that influence the properties of these natural composites and natural fibre thermoplastic composites are detailed in Chapters 8 and 9. The final four chapters consider clean processing, applications, recycling, degradation and reprocessing.Green composites is an essential guide for agricultural crop producers, government agricultural departments, automotive companies, composite producers and material scientists all dedicated to the promotion and practice of eco-friendly materials and production methods.
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From inside the book
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Page v
... stress transfer and physical characteristics 161 8.4 Case study : natural fibre composites with thermosetting resin matrices 164 8.5 Mechanical properties of composites as a function of design 165 8.6 Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis ...
... stress transfer and physical characteristics 161 8.4 Case study : natural fibre composites with thermosetting resin matrices 164 8.5 Mechanical properties of composites as a function of design 165 8.6 Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis ...
Page 6
... stressed that , unless the new system is cheaper , it will not be adopted . In other words people are not prepared to change anything . This is not the way of nature , which continually adapts to new conditions . The benefits of natural ...
... stressed that , unless the new system is cheaper , it will not be adopted . In other words people are not prepared to change anything . This is not the way of nature , which continually adapts to new conditions . The benefits of natural ...
Page 12
... stress among employees and users is created by these means . It is not only the environment that suffers from our present manufacturing ethos . Its very underpinning philosophy is capable of subverting our thinking . ' Doing more with ...
... stress among employees and users is created by these means . It is not only the environment that suffers from our present manufacturing ethos . Its very underpinning philosophy is capable of subverting our thinking . ' Doing more with ...
Page 57
... stress are monitored by X - ray diffraction . Figure 4.9 shows the stress - strain curve of the crystalline regions of cellulose I ( Nishino et al . , 1995b ) . The open and half - filled circles are the observed results for the ( 004 ) ...
... stress are monitored by X - ray diffraction . Figure 4.9 shows the stress - strain curve of the crystalline regions of cellulose I ( Nishino et al . , 1995b ) . The open and half - filled circles are the observed results for the ( 004 ) ...
Page 59
... Stress ( MPa ) 300 4.9 Stress - strain curve for ( open circle ) the ( 004 ) and ( half - filled circle ) the ( 008 ) planes of cellulose I. Table 4.3 Crystal modulus of ramie , regenerated cellulose and mercerised cellulose when ...
... Stress ( MPa ) 300 4.9 Stress - strain curve for ( open circle ) the ( 004 ) and ( half - filled circle ) the ( 008 ) planes of cellulose I. Table 4.3 Crystal modulus of ramie , regenerated cellulose and mercerised cellulose when ...
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
23 | |
49 | |
paper and wood fibres as reinforcement | 81 |
recyclable synthetic fibrethermoplastic composites | 100 |
Chapter 7 Natural polymer sources | 123 |
Chapter 8 Optimising the properties of green composites | 154 |
Chapter 9 Green fibre thermoplastic composites | 181 |
Chapter 10 Clean production | 207 |
Chapter 11 Applications | 233 |
Chapter 12 Reuse recycling and degradation of composites | 252 |
Chapter 13 Reprocessing | 272 |
Index | 301 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid addition adhesion applications assessment automotive biocomposites biodegradable biodegradable polymers biopolymers bonding carbon cellulose cellulose fibres chemical CNSL components composite materials compression moulding coupling agents crystal modulus cycle cycle assessment degradation density effect Elastic modulus energy environment environmental impact example extruder fibre and matrix fibre content fibre length fibre reinforcement fibre-matrix filler film flax flexural glass fibre green composites heat hemicellulose hemp improve increased industry injection moulding interfacial kenaf landfill layer lignin long fibre manufacture matrix mechanical properties melting methods microfibrils million tonnes molecular natural fibre composites packaging paper phase plant fibres plastic waste plasticisers PLLA polyester resin polyethylene polymer composites polymer matrix polypropylene potential pulp raw materials re-use recycling reduced short fibre sisal starch stress structure surface synthetic technique Technology temperature tensile strength thermal thermoplastic thermosetting untreated wood fibres WPCs Young's modulus