Green Composites: Polymer Composites and the EnvironmentCaroline Baillie, Randika Jayasinghe Elsevier, 2004 M09 1 - 320 pages There is an increasing movement of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to minimising the environmental impact of polymer composite production. Life cycle assessment is of paramount importance at every stage of a product’s life, from initial synthesis through to final disposal and a sustainable society needs environmentally safe materials and processing methods. With an internationally recognised team of contributors, Green Composites examines fibre reinforced polymer composite production and explains how environmental footprints can be diminished at every stage of the life cycle.The introductory chapters look at why we should consider green composites, their design and life cycle assessment. The properties of natural fibre sources such as cellulose and wood are then discussed. Chapter 6 examines recyclable synthetic fibre-thermoplastic composites as an alternative solution and polymers derived from natural sources are covered in Chapter 7. The factors that influence the properties of these natural composites and natural fibre thermoplastic composites are detailed in Chapters 8 and 9. The final four chapters consider clean processing, applications, recycling, degradation and reprocessing.Green composites is an essential guide for agricultural crop producers, government agricultural departments, automotive companies, composite producers and material scientists all dedicated to the promotion and practice of eco-friendly materials and production methods.
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From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 58
Page iv
... fibres 49 4.3 The crystal structure of celluloses 54 4.4 The crystal modulus of natural fibres 56 4.5 The mechanical properties of cellulose microfibrils and macrofibrils 65 4.6 Natural fibre / sustainable polymer composites 68 4.7 ...
... fibres 49 4.3 The crystal structure of celluloses 54 4.4 The crystal modulus of natural fibres 56 4.5 The mechanical properties of cellulose microfibrils and macrofibrils 65 4.6 Natural fibre / sustainable polymer composites 68 4.7 ...
Page 49
... fibres . Cellulosic materials are the most abundant form of biomass and the form most likely to be used as reinforcement fibres , not only for ecological and economical reasons , but also because of their high mechanical and thermal ...
... fibres . Cellulosic materials are the most abundant form of biomass and the form most likely to be used as reinforcement fibres , not only for ecological and economical reasons , but also because of their high mechanical and thermal ...
Page 51
... fibre ( Mohanty et al . , 2002 ) . These figures indicate that kenaf has both ecological and economical benefits and that it can be a good alternative to glass fibres ... cellulose embedded in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin , a ...
... fibre ( Mohanty et al . , 2002 ) . These figures indicate that kenaf has both ecological and economical benefits and that it can be a good alternative to glass fibres ... cellulose embedded in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin , a ...
Page 53
... Cellulose molecule ca.5-30 nm 4.4 ( a ) Scanning electron micrograph of kenaf bark fibre , and schematic representations of ( b ) macrofibril and ( c ) microfibril of natural plant . Table 4.1 Macrofibril size and chemical content of ...
... Cellulose molecule ca.5-30 nm 4.4 ( a ) Scanning electron micrograph of kenaf bark fibre , and schematic representations of ( b ) macrofibril and ( c ) microfibril of natural plant . Table 4.1 Macrofibril size and chemical content of ...
Page 56
... cellulose II Cellulose I Cellulose II Regeneration Hot water liq . NH3 Hot water liq . NH3 Cellulose III , Cellulose Ill 260 ° C Cellulose IV , 260 ° C Cellulose ¡ VII 4.6 Crystal transformation map of a series of celluloses . ( -78 ° C ) ...
... cellulose II Cellulose I Cellulose II Regeneration Hot water liq . NH3 Hot water liq . NH3 Cellulose III , Cellulose Ill 260 ° C Cellulose IV , 260 ° C Cellulose ¡ VII 4.6 Crystal transformation map of a series of celluloses . ( -78 ° C ) ...
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
23 | |
49 | |
paper and wood fibres as reinforcement | 81 |
recyclable synthetic fibrethermoplastic composites | 100 |
Chapter 7 Natural polymer sources | 123 |
Chapter 8 Optimising the properties of green composites | 154 |
Chapter 9 Green fibre thermoplastic composites | 181 |
Chapter 10 Clean production | 207 |
Chapter 11 Applications | 233 |
Chapter 12 Reuse recycling and degradation of composites | 252 |
Chapter 13 Reprocessing | 272 |
Index | 301 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid addition adhesion applications assessment automotive biocomposites biodegradable biodegradable polymers biopolymers bonding carbon cellulose cellulose fibres chemical CNSL components composite materials compression moulding coupling agents crystal modulus cycle cycle assessment degradation density effect Elastic modulus energy environment environmental impact example extruder fibre and matrix fibre content fibre length fibre reinforcement fibre-matrix filler film flax flexural glass fibre green composites heat hemicellulose hemp improve increased industry injection moulding interfacial kenaf landfill layer lignin long fibre manufacture matrix mechanical properties melting methods microfibrils million tonnes molecular natural fibre composites packaging paper phase plant fibres plastic waste plasticisers PLLA polyester resin polyethylene polymer composites polymer matrix polypropylene potential pulp raw materials re-use recycling reduced short fibre sisal starch stress structure surface synthetic technique Technology temperature tensile strength thermal thermoplastic thermosetting untreated wood fibres WPCs Young's modulus