Bureau of the Budget. Our program is behind so much now that I think you committee should give very serious consideration to my request, and the amount that was approved by the Bureau of the Budget was not sufficient, in my judgment. It is considered to be a matter of dollars and cents and the ceilings, and no one considers what would be the effect on the saving of life and property of this country. Thing of what may happen to a single ship going into New York Harbor. Its loss would equal half of our appropriation right there, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ROONEY. If it was not for your enthusiasm, Admiral, which you have always shown in the Coast and Geodetic Survey program, I would pursue the question I asked you: Where in this budget would be the first place to which we could direct our attention for the cut? But I am not going to do that.

Admiral COLBERT. I am sorry I took so much time. Perhaps someone could have done it briefer, but I did not know where to stop.

Mr. ROONEY. The résumé you made is very interesting. Sometimes, in listening to these presentations year after year, there is quite a bit of repetition of what we have heard before, but always something new comes into the picture and we are learning something from it. It took an awfully long time to get it started, though.

Admiral COLBERT. My intentions were good, to show you all that we are doing, and I think that we have a great deal to show. We have improved our work so much. I think it is a good thing to have a limit on appropriations because then economies have to be found, and we have found those economies and improved our product. There is not a single Federal bureau in surveying and mapping that has the enviable reputation that Coast and Geodetic Survey has today or is looked to as a leader by all the world, as Coast and Geodetic Survey is. That is a simple statement which I could amply prove.

Mr. ROONEY. We could not have anything but the finest with such a director as you at the head of an outfit, Admiral.

Mr. ROONEY. Your description of your program, Admiral, was interesting enough to lead us out of the general aspects of your work and down into the activities to be financed from the first of the Survey's appropriations, entitled, "Salaries and expenses, departmental."

CHARTING AIDS FOR MARINE AND AIR NAVIGATION

At this point in the record let us insert pages 515, 516, and 517 of the justification, covering the first item of this appropriation which we have just been discussing: "Charting aids for marine and air navigation."

(The material referred to is as follows:)

This item is for the planning and supervision of field surveys and the compilation, printing and distribution of nautical and aeronautical charts and other publications essential for the safe navigation of ships in our coastal waters and of planes flying over our land and water areas.

The increase of $121,677 in this activity is distributed as follows: $36,000 for 11 positions, including 6 cartographers, 3 cartographic engineers, 1 mathematician and 1 geoghysicist, to handle the increased work load; $38,811 for other objects. The amount of $50,000 required for additional chart paper being offset by an estimated $11,189 savings due to elimination of surcharge by Bureau of Federal Supply; $46,866 for within-grade promotions as prescribed by law. Work load for the fiscal years 1949, 1950, and 1951 follows:

Water and land areas covered by navigational charts are continually changing due to natural causes and the works of man. Extensive changes in aids to navigation are made each year. Revised editions of charts, incorporating these changes, must be issued at frequent intervals in order to maintain the accuracy of the charts and thus afford adequate protection for navigation.

The approximate average numbers of revised editions per year which are considered desirable, but which cannot be attained with the present force, are indicated in the last column.

1949 actual 1950 estimate 1951 estimate

Hand corrections, nautical charts.

$7,810, 880

$8,250,000

$8,500,000

Nautical charts must be corrected by hand for important changes occurring between dates of printing and issue.

The number of charts printed and distributed depends upon the quantities of charts required by the Navy, other Government agencies, merchant marine, and other users.

GEODETICS CONTROL

Mr. ROONEY. What about the explanation for this requested increase of $17,517 for the second item under salaries and expenses, entitled "Geodetics Control"?

Admiral COLBERT. This item is for the office planning and supervision of geodetic control surveys in the field, for computing, adjusting,

and publication of the results of the field surveys to provide the basic data for navigational charting, topographic mapping, flood control, and other conservation and development projects, highway, railroad construction, our engineering projects, and for investigations leading to the improvement of instruments and methods of geodetic control. Of that amount, $3,300 is proposed for the pay of one additional mathematician who will handle a portion of the backlog of our unfinished level computations.

PERSONAL SERVICES

Mr. ROONEY. How many new emloyees do you request for geodetic control under this suggested appropriation?

Admiral COLBERT. One mathematician.

Mr. ROONEY. At how much?

Admiral COLBERT. $3,300.

Mr. ROONEY. How do you get this figure on page 518 and it is $9,382 ? Admiral COLBERT. That includes within-grade increases, the last item on the bottom of the page.

Mr. ROONEY. Ramspeck Act promotions?

Admiral COLBERT. Yes, sir.

Mr. ROONEY. That still does not make it; $3,300 for a new mathematician, plus $5,882 Ramspeck Act promotions comes to $9,182; you are $200 out of the way.

OTHER OBJECTS

Eight thousand three hundred and thirty-five dollars for other objects. What is the explanation?

Admiral COLBERT. We are using IBM machines to save labor and additional mathematicians in our geodetic computations. We have tried that out. I think we rented the first machines 2 years ago and they have proved very successful. We asked for $10,000 for the rental of additional equipment. It would more than pay for itself during the next year.

Mr. ROONEY. At this point, we shall insert in the record the workload chart contained at page 519.

(The chart is as follows:)

WORK LOAD

Work load of this activity depends on the volume of field surveys and the requests for control data received. The number of geographic positions determined and the miles of leveling adjusted in 1949 and the estimates for 1950 and 1951 are shown below:

Mr. ROONEY. Let us concern ourselves with the item entitled "Administration," wherein there was a request for $7,189 over the