FIGURE 13.-Typical use of lumber and plywood for concrete forms. FIGURE 14.-Use of paper tube forms for concrete columns on Milwaukee, Wis expressway. FIGURE 15.-Installation of fiberboard roof deck that provides finished ceiling, thermal insulation, vapor barrier, and structural deck. TECHNICAL REFERENCES Excellent technical references are available for the designer using timber products in public works. In addition, the trade associations have technical staffs, which will give assistance and advice on specific design problems. A number of these associations and groups have their own research organizations, which will investigate special problems. Codes 1. National Building Code. National Board of Fire Underwriters, New York, N.Y. 2. Uniform Building Code. International Conference of Building Officials, Los Angeles, Calif. 3. Southern Standard Building Code. Southern Building Code Congress, Birmingham, Ala. 4 Basic Building Code. Building Officials Conference of America, New York, N.Y. 5. American Standard Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads. American Standards Association, New York, N.Y. 6. Design Standards for Construction of Permanent Family Housing for Federal Personnel (Bureau of the Budget Circular A-18). U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, Washington, D.C. 7. Recommended Building Code Requirements for Wood or Wood Base Materials Forest Products Laboratory Report 2075). U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 8. Minimum Property Standards. U.S. Federal Housing Administration, Washington, D.C. 9. Fire Prevention Standards for Homes and Camps in Forested Areas (Publication 224). National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Mass. Handbooks and manuals 1. Wood Handbook (Agriculture Handbook No. 72). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 2. Wood-Frame House Construction (Agriculture Handbook No. 73). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 3. Wood Structural Design Data. National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 4. Manual for House Framing (Wood Construction Data 1). National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 5. Random Length Wood Decking (Wood Construction Data 2). National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 6. Design of Wood Formwork for Concrete Structures (Wood Construction Data 3). National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 7. Plank-and-Beam Framing for Residential Construction (Wood Construction Data 4). National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 8. Heavy Timber Construction Details (Wood Construction Data 5). Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. National 9. Design of Wood Structures for Permanence (Wood Construction Data 6). National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 10. National Design Specification for Stress Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings. National Lumber Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 11. Standard Grading Rules. Western Pine Association, Portland, Oreg. 12. Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood Lumber, Cypress, Veneers, and Thin Lumber. National Hardwood Lumber Association, Chicago, Ill. 13. Standard Grading and Dressing Rules for Douglas-fir, West Coast Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Western Red Cedar Lumber. West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Portland, Oreg. 14. Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber. Southern Pine Association, New Orleans, La. 15. Official Grading Rules for Norway Pine and Eastern Hemlock. Northern Hardwood and Pine Manufacturers Association, Green Bay, Wis. 16. Standard Specifications. Redwood Inspection Service, San Francisco, Calif. 17. Standard Grading Rules for Eastern Spruce. Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association, Inc., New York, N.Y. 18. Fabrication and Design of Glued Laminated Wood Structural Members (Technical Bulletin No. 1069). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 19. Timber Construction Standards. American Institute of Timber Construc tion, Washington, D.C. 20. Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Southern Pine Lumber. Southern Pine Association, New Orleans, La. 21. Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Douglas-Fir (Coast Region) Lumber-Fabrication. West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Portland, Oreg. 22. Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Douglas-Fir (Coast Region) Lumber Design. West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Portland, Oreg. 23. Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated West Coast Hemlock Lumber-Fabrication. West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Portland, Oreg. 24. Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated West Coast Hemlock Lumber-Design. West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Portland, Oreg. 25. Structural Glued Laminated Larch Standard Specifications and Design (A.I.A. File No. 19-K). Western Pine Association, Portland, Oreg. 26. Standard Specifications for the Design and Fabrication of Hardwood Glued Laminated Lumber for Structural, Marine, and Vehicular Uses. Southern Hardwood Producers, Inc., Memphis, Tenn.; Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio; and Northern Hardwood and Pine Manufacturers Association, Green Bay, Wis. 27. Manual of Recommended Practice. American Wood-Preservers' Association, Chicago, Ill. SECTION II SIGNIFICANT NEW DEVELOPMENTS Research has provided significant new developments in the technology of wood and wood products. A number of them are outlined in this section. Description and use TRANSMISSION POLE DESIGN The wood pole has been long recognized as a useful and economical means of carrying transmission lines. A recent extensive study sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials and carried on at the Forest Products Laboratory has shown the possibilities of further refinements and economies in the design of transmission poles. Findings from the research project are currently under consideration by the American Standards Association in connection with the revision of "American Standards Specifications and Dimensions for Wood Poles." Future potential Research has provided the means for improved design of poles used for transmission lines and structures. References 1. Wood, L. W., Erickson, E. C. O., and Dohr, A. W. Strength and Related Properties of Wood Poles. American Society for Testing and Materials, Final Report ASTM Wood Pole Research Program, September, 1960. Description and use POLE FRAMING Pole framing is one of the simplest types of building frames used to give shape and stability to a building. Poleframe buildings are generally one-story buildings with the poles spaced 10 to 15 feet apart and set 4 to 5%1⁄2 feet in the ground. Plates and girts are secured and braced to the poles to provide a skeleton frame for the attachment of roof rafters and end and sidewall sheathing. They have been used extensively in farm structures such as cattle sheds and in warehouses and, in at lease one instance, in a residence. Future potential Possible uses of pole framing are extensive because this type of construction can be adapted to any type of building. Since no foundation is needed and the amount of bracing required is small, both labor and material costs are less for pole framing than for other types of framing. It therefore is very adaptable for economical shelter houses, park buildings, garages, and other storage buildings. References 1. Patterson, Donald. How To Design Pole-Type Buildings. American Wood Preservers Institute, 1957-58. 2. Bonnickson, Leroy. Multi-Combination Pole-Type Construction. Oregon State College, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 557, 1956. 85963 0-62 19 |