PAYMENTS TO STATES

SEC. 506. (a) Any amount paid to a State from its allotment under section 503 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, shall be paid on condition that there shall be expanded for such year, in accordance with the State plan approved under section 505 or the State plan approved under the Vocational Education Act of 1946 and supplementary Vocational Education Acts, or both, an amount in State or local funds, or both, which at least equals the amount expended for vocational education during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, under the State plan ap proved under the Vocational Education Act of 1946 and supplementary Vocational Education Acts.

(b) Subject to the limitations in section 504(b), the portion of a State's allotment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for each succeeding year, allocated under the approved State plan for each of the purposes set forth in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), and (6) of Section 504 (a) shall be available for paying one-half of the State's expenditures under such plan for such year for such purposes.

(c) The portion of a State's allotment for any fiscal year allocated under the approved State plan for the purpose set forth in paragraph (5) of section 504(a) shall be available for paying not to exceed one-half of the cost of construction of each area vocational education school facility project.

(d) Payments of Federal funds allotted to a State under section 503 to States which have State plans approved under section 505 (as adjusted on account of overpayments or underpayments previously made) shall be made by the Commissioner in advance on the basis of such estimates, in such installments, and at such times, as may be reasonably required for expenditures by the States of the funds so allotted.

RESEARCH AND LEADERSHIP TRAINING CENTERS

SEC. 507. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to contract with one or more institutions of higher education for the establishment of a national center or centers to provide such advanced vocational educational leadership training, research in vocational education development, and related vocational educational services as he deems essential for the successful fulfillment of the Federal laws relating to vocational education.

(b) There are authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

LABOR STANDARDS

SEC. 508. All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors on all construction projects assisted under this part (a) shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing, as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act, as amended (40 U.S.C. 276a-276a-5), and (b) shall receive overtime compensation in accordance with and subject to the provisions of the Contract Work Hours Standards Act (Public Law 87-581). The Secretary of Labor shall have with respect to the labor standards specified in this section the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (15 F.R. 3176; 5 U.S.C. 133z-15) and section 2 of the Act of June 13, 1934, as amended (40 U.S.C. 276c).

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 509. For the purpose of this part

(1) The term "vocational education" means vocational or technical training or retraining which is given in schools or classes (including field or laboratory work incidental thereto) under public supervision and control or under contract with a State board or local educational agency, and is conducted as part of a program designed to fit individuals for gainful employment as skilled workers or technicians in recognized occupations (including any program designed to fit individuals for gainful employment in business and office occupations, and any program designed to fit individuals for gainful employment which may be assisted by Federal funds under the Vocational Education Act of 1946 and supplementary Vocational Education Acts, but excluding any program to fit individuals for employment in occupations which the Commissioner determines, and specifies

in regulations, to be generally considered professional or as requiring a baccalaureate or higher degree.) Such term includes vocational guidance and counseling in connection with such training, the training in vocational education of teachers, teacher-trainers, supervisors, and directors for such training, travel of students and vocational education personnel, and the acquisition and maintenance and repair of instructional supplies, teaching aids and equipment, but does not include the construction or initial equipment of buildings or the acquisition or rental of land.

(2) The term "area vocational education school" means (A) (a) a specialized high school used exclusively or principally for the provision of vocational education to persons who are available for full-time study in preparation for entering the labor market, or (b) a technical or vocational school used exclusively or principally for the provision of vocational education to persons who have completed or left high school and who are available for full-time study in preparation for entering the labor market, or (c) the vocational department or division of a junior college or community college or university providing vocational-technical education under the supervision of the State board and leading to immediate employment and not leading to a baccalaureate degree; and (B) any such school described in (A) (a), (b), or (c) of this paragraph which is available to all residents of the State or an area of the State designated and approved by the State board.

(3) The term "school facilities" means classrooms and related facilities (including initial equipment) and interests in land on which such facilities are constructed. Such term shall not include any facility intended primarily for events for which admission is to be charged to the general public.

(4) The term "State board" means the State board designated or created pursuant to section 5 of the Smith-Hughes Act (that is, the Act approved February 23, 1917 (39 Stat. 929, ch. 114)) to secure to the State the benefits of that Act.

(5) The term "local educational agency" means a board of education or other legally constituted local school authority having administrative control and direction of public elementary or secondary schools in a city, county, township, school district, or political subdivision in a State, or any other public educational institution or agency having administrative control and direction of a vocational education program.

(6) The term "high school" does not include any grade beyond grade 12. (7) The term "Vocational Education Act of 1946" means titles I, II, and III of the Act of June 8, 1936, as amended (20 U.S.C. 15i-15m, 1500-15q, 15aa-15jj, 15aaa-15ggg).

(8) The term "Supplementary Vocational Education Acts" means section 1 of the Act of March 3, 1931 (20 U.S.C. 30) (relating to vocational education in Puerto Rico), the Act of March 18, 1950 (20 U.S.C. 31–33) (relating to vocational education in the Virgin Islands), section 9 of the Act of August 1, 1956 (20 U.S.C. 34) (relating to vocational education in Guam).

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

SEC. 510. (a) There is hereby established in the Office of Education an Advisory Committee on Vocational Education (hereinafter referred to as the "Advisory Committee"), consisting of the Commissioner, who shall be Chairman, one representative each of the Departments of Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor, and twelve members appointed, for staggered terms and without regard to the civil service laws, by the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Such twelve members shall, to the extent possible, include persons familiar with the vocational education needs of management and labor (in equal numbers), persons familiar with the administration of State and local vocational education programs, other persons with special knowledge, experience or qualification with respect to vocational education, and persons representative of the general public, and not more than six of such members shall be professional educators. The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairman but not less often than twice a year.

(b) The Advisory Committee shall advise the Commissioner in the preparation of general regulations and with respect to policy matters arising in the administration of this title, the Vocational Education Act of 1946, and Supplementary Vocational Education Acts, including policies and procedures governing the approval of State plans.

(c) Members of the Advisory Committee shall, while serving on the business of the Advisory Committee, be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, but not exceeding $75 per day, including travel time; and, while so serving away from their homes or regular places of business, they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

AMENDMENTS TO GEORGE-BARDEN AND SMITH-HUGHES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

ACTS

SEC. 511. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in title I, II, or III of the Vocational Education Act of 1946 (20 U.S.C. 15i-15m, 150-15q, 15aa-15jj, 15aaa15ggg), or in the Smith-Hughes Act (that is, the Act approved February 23, 1917, as amended (39 Stat. 929, ch. 114; 20 U.S.C. 11-15, 16-28)), or in supplementary vocational education Acts

(a) any portion of any amount allotted (or apportioned) to any State for any purpose under such titles, Act, or Acts, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, or for any fiscal year thereafter, may be transferred to and combined with one or more of the other allotments (or apportionments) of such State for such fiscal year under such titles, Act, or Acts, or under this part and used for the purposes for which, and subject to the conditions under which, such other allotment (or apportionment) may be used, if the State board determines such funds are not needed for the purposes for which the original allotment (or apportionment) was intended and requests, in accordance with regulations of the Commissioner, that such portion be transferred and shows to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that transfer of such portion in the manner requested will promote the purpose of this title;

(b) any amounts allotted (or apportioned) under such titles, Act, or Acts for agriculture may be used for vocational education in any occupation involving knowledge and skills in agricultural subjects, whether or not such occupation involves work of the farm or of the farm home, and such education for nonfarm agricultural occupations may be provided without directed or supervised practice on a farm;

(c) any amounts allotted (or apportioned) under such titles, Act, or Acts for home economics may be used for vocational education to fit individuals for gainful employment in any occupation involving knowledge and skills in home economics subjects;

(d) any amounts allotted (or apportioned) under such titles, Act, or Acts for distributive occupations may be used for vocational education for any person over fourteen years of age who has entered upon or is preparing to enter upon such an occupation, and such education need not be provided in part-time or evening schools:

(e) any amounts allotted (or apportioned) under such titles, Act, or Acts for trade and industrial occupations may be used for preemployment schools and classes organized to fit for gainful employment in such occupations persons over fourteen years of age who are in school, and operated for less than nine months per year and less than thirty hours per week and without the requirement that a minimum of 50 per centum of the time be given to practical work on a useful or productive basis, if such preemployment schools and classes are for single-skilled or semiskilled occupations which do not require training or work of such duration or nature; and less than one-third of any amounts so allotted (or apportioned) need be applied to part-time schools or classes for workers who have entered upon employment.

EXTENSION OF PRACTICAL NURSE TRAINING AND AREA VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

PROGRAMS

SEC. 512. (a) (1) Section 201 of the Vocational Education Act of 1946 (20 U.S.C. 15aa) is amended by striking out "each of the next eight fiscal years" and inserting in lieu thereof “each succeeding fiscal year."

(2) Subsection (c) of section 202 of such Act is amended by striking out "each of the next seven fiscal years" and inserting in lieu thereof “each succeeding fiscal year."

(b) Section 301 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 15aaa) is amended by striking out "each of the five succeeding fiscal years" and inserting in lieu thereof "each succeeding fiscal year."

PERIODIC REVIEW OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND LAWS

SEC. 513. (a) The Secretary shall, during 1966, appoint an Advisory Council on Vocational Education for the purpose of reviewing the administration of the vocational education programs for which funds are appropriated pursuant to this part and other vocational education Acts and making recommendations for improvement of such administration, and reviewing the status of and making recommendations with respect to such vocational education programs and the Acts under which funds are so appropriated.

(b) The Council shall be appointed by the Secretary without regard to the civil service laws and shall consist of twelve persons who shall, to the extent possible, include persons familiar with the vocational education objectives and needs of management and labor (in equal numbers), persons familiar with the administration of State and local vocational education programs, other persons with special knowledge, experience, or qualification with respect to vocational education, and persons representative of the general public.

(c) The Council is authorized to engage such technical assistance as may be required to carry out its functions, and the Secretary shall, in addition, make available to the Council such secretarial, clerical, and other assistance and such pertinent data prepared by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as it may require to carry out such functions.

(d) The Council shall make a report of its findings and recommendations (including recommendations for changes in the provisions of this part and other Vocational education Acts) to the Secretary, such report to be submitted not later than January 1, 1968, after which date such Council shall cease to exist. The Secretary shall transmit such report to the President and the Congress.

(e) The Secretary shall also from time to time thereafter (but at intervals of not more than five years) appoint an Advisory Council on Vocational Education, with the same functions and constituted in the same manner as prescribed for the Advisory Council in the preceding subsections of this section. Each Council so appointed shall report its findings and recommendations, as prescribed in subsection (d), not later than July 1 of the second year after the year in which it is appointed, after which date such Council shall cease to exist.

(f) Members of the Council who are not regular fulltime employees of the United States shall, while serving on business of the Council, be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed by the Secretary, but not exceeding $75 per day, including travel time; and while so serving away from their homes or regular places of business, they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in Government service employed intermittently.

SHORT TITLE

SEC. 514. This part may be cited as the "Vocational Education Act of 1963". Dr. PETERSON. Mr. Chairman, I would also like to submit for inclusion in the hearings an article by Dr. C. Ross Ford, director of technical and vocational training in Canada, which tells about "Vocational Education in Canada." This article was carried in the January 1963 issue of the magazine, American Vocation Journal. Among other things, it points out that Canada is now in the process of spending "in excess of $400 million" for construction of vocational-technical facilities.

Senator MORSE. First, may I say that the article the witness has referred to on Vocational Education in Canada will be printed in the record following his testimony.

Dr. PETERSON. Thank you.

In addition, I would like to see included in the hearings an article, "The Truth about Soviet Education," that appeared in the July 4, 1960, issue of the magazine U.S. News & World Report.

Senator MORSE. The article will be printed in the record.

Dr. PETERSON. This interview article tells about vocational-technical education programs in Russia as reported by two outstanding Americans who, under the sponsorship of our Department of State, spent several weeks in Russia studying the Soviet system of vocationaltechnical education. It points out that the Soviets are rapidly increasing their vocational-technical education program as a part of their effort to lick us in an economic war. (The material referred to follows:)

THE TRUTH ABOUT SOVIET EDUCATION

INTERVIEW: Two U.S. EDUCATORS TELL WHAT THEY FOUND

Are Soviet schools better than U.S. schools? Do they turn out superior students?

Two U.S. educators went to Russia, got some eye-opening facts. Among their findings, reported in this exclusive interview with U.S. News & World Report: Impressive "tests" of Soviet students are handed to them for study a year in advance.

Only the best students get into college.

Courses are narrow, teaching is formal and rigid, equipment poor.

Yet the Soviets are making important gains, especially in vocational guidance and technical training.

Dr. Hoyt H. London, professor of industrial education at the University of Missouri, and Mark Nichols, State director of vocational education for Utah, tell the story here.

Question. What overall conclusion did you draw from your intensive study of Soviet education?

Answer. Here is our conclusion: You see, Russia, by our standards, is a poor country. You walk down the street and there'll be 10,000 people and you can't hear a belly laugh among them. They just walk in silence. Education is conceived by the people at the top, the parents, the kids, everybody, as the one and only ladder that leads from poverty and commonness right up through the ceiling to a life of achievement and respectability. Every person is trying to climb it. Question. Is education the only way to the top in Russia?

Answer. An education is indeed the ladder to economic achievement in Russia. For instance, if a boy drops out of school at the seventh or eighth grade in America, he may get into business ultimately-in fact, he may become a millionaire. The opportunities are his to use his abilities.

If a boy drops out of school in Russia, he becomes a manual worker at that grade, and so his opportunities for achievement and a better standard of living are based on his education.

The boy who comes out of the trade school will not do as well with his job salarywise as the boy who comes out of the technical school. And the young man or the young woman who gets up to the technical institute will do far better than any of those. The individuals who get to the university seem to have top priority.

Educational competition in Russia is terrific among young people. That is a basis for the seriousness that we observed in the students.

Question. Do the Soviets try to give everybody a college education?

Answer. Not now. Since the change in their educational system in 1958, they are doing a thing we should consider very seriously in this country. That is to train every individual as much as possible for production proficiency in terms of his native ability and the needs of society. Apparently the 1958 change was a shift away from emphasis on higher education toward more emphasis on vocational training.

Question. Why was that shift made?

Answer. Apparently because of their lack of capital and consumer goods—a great lack-and the need of vocational education for training productive workers to make consumer goods available in larger quantity.

You see, Russia has three main problems-they'll tell you frankly. One prob lem is housing, and another is farming. Roughly 47 percent of their labor force is buckled down on their farms at a time when they've challenged America and the other capitalistic countries for the industrial markets of the world.