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only as they are given in the text of an act establishing new work or creating a new office. Changes in appropriations for work already under way are not noted.

The topical index by States gives chapter references to the 1916 session law volumes.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN REFERENCES.

[References giving chapter or number for a specified year are in every case to session laws of that year unless otherwise indicated.]

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LIST OF CODES, REVISIONS, OR COMPILATIONS USED.

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New York. The law concerning adoption is amended to provide that in the adoption of an illegitimate child the fact of illegitimacy shall in no case appear upon the record. The amended law specifies

that if the foster parents reside outside the State proceedings must be in the county where the minor resides; otherwise, as formerly, in the county where the foster parents reside.

1916 C 453 amending C L 1909 (Domestic Relations) C 14 ss 112-114 as amended by 1915 C 352, and 115.

DESERTION OF MINOR CHILD.

See also Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect, pp. 32 to 33; Juvenile courts, Maryland, p. 36, and Massachusetts, p. 38; and Juvenile delinquents, Mississippi, p. 41.

Kentucky.-A parent willfully deserting an indigent child under 16 years of age is declared guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than five years, but it is also provided that the parent, before or after conviction, may be placed on probation, subject to power of court, for a period of five years. By a former statute a parent guilty of willful nonsupport of child under 14 years of age is punishable by a fine of not more than $20 } or imprisonment in county jail or workhouse for not more than six months. Formerly parent deserting child under 6 years of age was subject to imprisonment in penitentiary for not more than three years. Compare provisions in juvenile-court law concerning parent contributing to dependency or neglect of minor.

1916 C 6. See St 1915 ss 328, 329, 331d, 331e.

New Jersey.-A mother who abandons a minor child dependent on her for support is declared guilty of a misdemeanor, but no penalty is specified. [The penalty for a misdemeanor unless otherwise specified is a fine of not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment for not exceeding three years, or both.] The act to which this is a supplement defined her as a "disorderly person." According to a former act a father deserting his minor child is held guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment for not more than one year. Compare the act for welfare of children [1915 C 246—not referred to in the 1916 act], which provides that any parent abandoning or neglecting child or children is to be deemed guilty of "cruelty to or neglect of children " and subject to a fine of not exceeding $100 or imprisonment for not more than one year in workhouse or penitentiary.

1916 C 45 supplementing CS 1910 v 2 (Disorderly Persons) ss 17-30 p 1931. See also C S 1910 v 2 (Crimes) s 73a p 1770 and 1915 C 246.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS CONCERNING PARENT AND CHILD.

New York. The law providing for the annulment of a marriage contracted when one or both parties were under the age of legal consent is amended by adding the provision that an action may be

maintained when either or both parties had not attained the age at which the consent of parent or guardian was not required by the laws of the State where the marriage took place. The amendment specifically applies to marriages heretofore or hereafter contracted. 1916 C 605 amending Code of Civil Procedure ss 1743, 1744.

Virginia.-The father and the mother of a legitimate unmarried minor child are to be equally entitled to the custody, services, and earnings of the child. If either be dead or disabled, or if either refuses to take custody or has abandoned his or her family, the other is entitled to custody, services, and earnings. Formerly the father, if living, had custody of the child.

1916 C 417. See Code 1904 v 2 s 2603.

OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHILD.

OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON.

Kentucky.-Pandering is defined and prohibited. Any female involved in the acts so defined is declared a competent witness. A penalty of imprisonment in penitentiary for from one to five years is provided.

1916 C 49. For previous laws applying to abduction, seduction, and assisting in prostitution, not superseded unless in conflict with this act, see St 1915 ss 1156, 1158, 1214-1215a.

Louisiana.-Provision is made for indeterminate sentence for certain offenses, specifically including rape and attempt to commit rape, subject to the minimum and maximum terms defined in the statute under which the prisoner is convicted. The former statutes under which, apparently, a prisoner would be convicted provide death sentence for rape and imprisonment for varying periods for attempt to commit rape. [See references below.]

1916 A 123. Compare W R L 1904 v 1 p 320 (1855 A 120 s 4 as amended by 1878 A 24); and W R L 1904 v 1 p 325 (1855 A 120 s 9 as amended by 1896 A 59 and 1912 A 9). For other penalties for attempt to commit rape, see W R L 1904 v 1 p 369 (1870 Extra Session A 8); W R L 1904 v 1 p 322 (1892 A 26); and 1912 A 192 s 1.

New York.-Seduction of an unmarried female of previous chaste character under pretense of marriage is made punishable by imprisonment for not more than five years, or fine of not more than $1,000, or both.

1916 C 196 amending C L 1909 (Penal) C 40 s 2175.

Virginia. The age of consent is raised from 14 to 15 years. 1916 C 478 amending Code 1904 s 3680.

See also law [1916 C 168] forbidding employment agencies to send females to places of bad repute, given under "Child labor," page 27.

MISCELLANEOUS OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHILD.

Louisiana. It is made unlawful for the owner of a junk shop, or his employee, to purchase goods from a minor under 17 years of age, and a penalty is provided.

1916 A 15.

Maryland.-Any proprietor of a public pool room, billiard room, or bowling alley in Garrett County or Washington County is forbidden to permit persons under 16 years of age to loiter on the premises, to participate in games, or to watch others play. Any minor under 14 years of age is also forbidden to frequent or use tables at any licensed billiard room in Allegany County.

1916 C 140, 205, 479.

Porto Rico.-The admission of any minor to the places within the hippodromes designated for betting is prohibited, and the sale to any minor of a slip or ticket for a bet is forbidden. The penalty for a first offense is a fine or from $200 to $500 or imprisonment for from one to three months, or both.

1916 No 42.

The sale or donation of cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco to children under 18 years of age is prohibited, with a penalty for first violation of a fine not to exceed $100 or imprisonment for not more than 90 days or both fine and imprisonment.

1916 No 21.

Virginia. The new prohibition law includes the provision that it is a misdemeanor for a minor to have liquor in his possession; the former law concerning the sale of intoxicants forbade furnishing or selling liquor to a minor, employing a minor in a saloon, and granting a license for the sale of liquor to a social club having minors among its members. The new law provides also that "wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person who shall be injured in person or property or means of support by any intoxicated person" has a right of action against the person who, by selling, bartering, or giving away intoxicating liquors, shall have caused the intoxi

cation.

1916 C 146 ss 41, 74. For former liquor law see 1910 C 190.

HEALTH AND SANITATION, INCLUDING RECREATION. BIRTH REGISTRATION.

Maryland. The vital statistics law is amended in several particulars. The amendments include the following changes: The State registrar is now permitted to combine two or more registration dis

tricts in any county into one registration district without the former restriction that the population of the combined districts may not exceed 100,000; the city of Baltimore is now included in the provision, applying formerly to the remainder of the State, that originals of all certificates of birth or death shall be transmitted at least monthly to the State registrar.

1916 C 691 amending A C 1911 v 3 (1914) art 43 ss 8, 9, 12, 17.

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New York. The birth-registration law is amended by making the penalty apply specifically to any physician, midwife, or other person charged with filing a record of birth (formerly the penalty applied to "any person required by law" to report births, which included physician or midwife); and by adding the provision that action to recover penalty may be brought by State commissioner of health in any court of competent jurisdiction. [Another section of this law, not amended in 1916, provides that commissioner of health may report violations to district attorney, who shall institute proceedings.]

1916 C 58 amending C L 1909 (Public Health) C 45 s 392 as added by 1913 C 619.

HEALTH.

Louisiana.-It is made unlawful for a nurse or midwife to administer an anesthetic except by direction and under supervision of a physician. Violation of this provision is a misdemeanor subject to a fine of not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, or both.

1916 A 163.

Maryland. The county commissioners of Cecil County are authorized to appropriate not more than $1,000 for the construction of a maternity department of Union Hospital of Cecil County, and to levy an annual tax for its maintenance.

1916 C 183.

Massachusetts.-The State department of health is authorized to purchase drugs of value in preventing the transmission of syphilis, for free distribution among boards of health, hospitals, dispensaries, and physicians, subject to such regulations as the department may prescribe.

1916 Resolves C 47.

Local boards of health, or the selectmen in towns having no boards of health, are authorized to make regulations to check the spread of infantile paralysis. Local authorities are required to notify the State department of health of any such regulation, and the State department of health has power to revoke or revise any regulation 81573°-17-2

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