Key words: chemisorption; dielectric response theory; photoemission; relaxation energy; surface spectroscopy. Substrate induced screening or extra-atomic relaxation energies are calculated for molecular orbital (MO) hole states of CO adsorbed on jellium surfaces, within a previously elucidated near response model. For realistic adsorbate-substrate pacings, screening energies of ~2 eV and differential shifts mongst the MO's of ~ a few tenths eV are obtained. The clasical expression for the screening energy E = e2/4(s + k ̄1) gives reasonable estimate when s is taken as the distance between he image plane and the MO charge centroid and is the Fermi-Thomas screening length.

9385. Tersoff, J., Falicov, L. M., Penn, D. R., Core-level satellite structure in photoemission spectra of transition metals, Solid State Commun. 32, 1045-1047 (1979).

Key words: core level; photoemission; transition metal. A theory of the satellite structure of the core-level hotoemission spectrum of transition metals is presented. It is pplied to the 2P3/2 level of metallic nickel. The calculation is arried out for both the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states nd is based on two scattering parameters, one intraband and ne interband. Agreement with experiment is very good. 9390. Hamilton, J. C., Swanson, N., Waclawski, B. J., Celotta, R. J., Bond directions in adsorbed molecules determined using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS): Acetylene and ethylene on tungsten (100), (Proc. Physical Electronics Conf., Ithaca, NY, June 16-18, 1980, p. E7 (Cornell Materials Science Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1980).

Key words: acetylene; chemisorption; electron energy loss spectroscopy; ethylene; physisorption; surface; tungsten.

We have used high resolution electron energy loss specroscopy in both specular and non-specular directions to identithe vibrational modes of acetylene and ethylene on the tungten (100) surface. At low coverages several of the vibrational nodes were detectable only in the non-specular direction. nalysis of relative intensities of the specular and non-specular osses allows determination of the orientation of molecular pole moments and thus of bond directions in the adsorbed pecies. For both acetylene and ethylene initial adsorption was ound to be dissociative.

Technology Incentives

BS-GCR-ETIP 80-86. Emission offset policy at work: A summary analysis of eight cases, W. H. Foskett (NBS contact: Darlene Carver), 50 pages (Apr. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB80-187610, $6.00.

Key words: air pollution; economic incentives; Emission Offset Interpretative Ruling; Environmental Protection Agency; market mechanisms; regulation.

The Emission Offset Interpretative Ruling of 1976 is analyzed to its administrative components. Eight permit applications volving emission offsets provide data describing the adminisative functioning of the offset policy in terms of these comonents. In the eight cases presented here, offsets were easy to nd, but the process for determining Lowest Achievable Emison Reduction (LAER) was typically quite complex. Offsets ere not bought and sold in any of these cases. Third parties romoting local economic development were an important facr in locating offsets.

In these eight cases, technological innovation involved evelopment of new control techniques and diffusion of known

technology to hitherto uncontrolled sources of emissions. "Technology-forcing standards, such as LAER, and offset requirements contributed to the development of innovative control techniques.

NBS-GCR-ETIP 80-87. Market mechanisms for emmission regulation and enforcement of emission limits: Deterrence and demand, W. H. Foskett (NBS contact: Darlene Carver), 32 pages (May 1980). Order from NTIS as PB80-186083, $6.00. Key words: air pollution; Clean Air Act; economic incentives; emission offsets; emission reduction trading; enforcement; Environmental Protection Agency: market mechanisms.

This report focuses on the necessity of strong enforcement of air pollution emission limits for the creation of a marketplace demand for market mechanisms, such as offsets. Both trading and direct pricing types of market mechanisms for stationary source emission reduction will require strong, even enforcement of individual source emission limits. Enforcement will likewise influence the degree to which the private sector will organize and invest in the research and development work underlying technological innovation in air pollution control. Present enforcement inconsistencies, such as those among regional offices, and remedial actions are noted. If an EPA effort to strengthen detection of violations can be successfully implemented, its effect on a regulatee's perceived probability of getting caught could contribute to market participation. If the probability of detection and penalty is high, purchase of emission reductions on the market may be a more appealing alternative to regulatees than evasion or litigation.

Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics

A microcalorimeter for measuring self-discharge of pacemakers and pacemaker power cells, E. J. Prosen and J. C. Colbert, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 85, No. 3, 193-203 (MayJune 1980).

Key words: battery; microcalorimeter; pacemaker; power cell; self-discharge.

The self-discharge heat losses of cardiac pacemaker power cells and pacemakers were investigated by microcalorimetry. Results were obtained with small alkaline, mercury and lithiumiodine batteries under opencircuit and external load conditions to monitor their heat loss characteristics and to gather information on the self-discharge mechanism. Results obtained with "complete pacemakers" are also reported.

19363. Ditmars, D. A., Measurement of the relative enthalpy of tungsten between 273-15 and 1173.15 K; derived electron heat-capacity coefficient, High Temp. -High Pressures 11, 615624 (1979).

Key words: drop calorimetry; electronic heat capacity; enthalpy; heat capacity; high-temperature; standard reference material; thermodynamic functions; tungsten.

The enthalpy relative to the enthalpy at 273 K of two tungsten samples, one single-crystal (>99.99% pure) and one polycrystalline sintered (>99.9% pure), has been measured between 273 and 1173 K in a precision Bunsen ice calorimeter. The enthalpy values are believed to have an overall inaccuracy <0.3%. The enthalpy of the single-crystal sample is uniformly 0.3% above that of the sintered sample. The heat capacity is found to be in good agreement with literature data for tungsten. The value of 1.9 mJ mol K-2 for the electronic heatcapacity coefficient of tungsten derived from the measured data is about twice as large as currently accepted values for this coefficient derived from heat-capacity data below 20 K.

Other Subjects of General Interest

19361. Berger, P., Integration of an information system: Chaos or control? How to select a system, Proc. 4th National Information Conference and Exposition, Washington, DC, May 29, 1980, 40 pages (Information Industry Assoc., Washington, DC, 1980).

Key words: automation; information systems; integrated systems; library automation.

With the bewildering array of options available to information managers, selection of an information system is critical. Failing to appreciate the impact automated information services will have on the library and information center may indeed cause "chaos".

19392. Berger, P. W., Managing revolutions-Coping with evolving information technologies, Proc. 71st Annual Conf. of the Special Libraries Association, Washington, DC, June 10, 1980, 26 pages (Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, NY, 1980).

Key words: bibliographic utilities; information revolution; information technology; library automation; library networks; reprography; special libraries; telecommunications. An overview of the impacts-past, present and future-of the newer information technologies on special libraries.

✩U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1980 0-311-055