world and that they do offer a resource in colleges for the enrollment in the two institutions. In this connection I wish to talk about economics a moment. We are sending literally thousands of girls and boys out of the District to school elsewhere. In many cases this is a drain on the economics of the family and produces hardships which ought to be protected by a local opportunity at reduced cost for students in our community. The other part of the economics is from the point of view of business value, and perhaps I should not make this point too strongly. The establishment of an institution of higher education in our city, maintaining it as a local industry, would in itself enhance the economics of the City of Washington. So from the point of view of sheer dollars and cents the existence of such an institution that would keep many of our students here would have a beneficial effect. Mr. DowDY. You would have some going elsewhere. I have a large area with two teachers colleges some 125 miles apart, and children living in one town will go to the teachers college in the other city and the reverse because they want to leave home. Do you know what that is? Dr. HANSEN. Young people reach an age where they want to get away from home. Sometimes the parents encourage that. The next item (Exhibit C) is the number of graduates available for employment and percentage of placement of vocational high schools for the years 1960 through 1964. The point of this is we are increasing the number of graduates from our vocational schools over the years and the percent of placement is increasing. From this group of 414 graduates in 1964, the last report I have, will come many who want to continue in the vocational technical branch of the proposed community college. This is another aspect of need we tend to overlook, but many students who have graduated from vocational schools, if given the opportunity, will continue in their education and some may go on to the professions such as scientists. Mr. DowDY. The three documents will be made a part of the record and included in the appendix. (See pp. 149-164.) Dr. HANSEN. Mr. Chairman, I think all of us in the administration are extremely grateful to you and to Mr. Nelsen for this far-reaching and statesmanlike proposal, and we hope that Congress will move on this before the closing days of this session and give this community the kind of educational opportunity which will pay back dividends in human resources and dollars and cents and make this committee and Congress proud to have been a part of this development. Mr. DowDY. I notice the statement was made by some witness this morning that the per capita expenditure for higher education in the District of Columbia was $1.22. That did not, I am sure, include the Federal contribution to Howard University. For instance, last year the contribution was $11,198,000 or $13.75 per capita. 68-614-66 Dr. HANSEN. I think this is a question that ought to be explored. I do not know the origin of the statistics and it is possible the contribution to Howard was not included in this. Mrs. STULTZ. Mr. Chairman, I would like to clarify this. I do not think Howard University is considered a part of the public school system and therefore the Federal contribution to Howard University would not be included. Mr. Dowdy. Perhaps not, but if you are in the District of Columbia, it is a statistical misinterpretation. Of course, whenever anything like this comes up, the question of the anticipated cost also comes up. I realize it is not just here but in all cases, the cost is always underestimated. I believe the construction costs are estimated by the Commissioners at $20 million? Dr. HANSEN. The revised cost is somewhat higher. I think the Senate report (S. Rept. 1557) indicates about $50 million for the two institutions as follows: Mr. DOWDY. Commissioner Duncan earlier stated $20 million for construction, while the Senate report to which you refer indicates the total cost of both colleges will be about $47 million. But taking just the college of arts and sciences, according to the Senate report, it would be slightly less than $12 million. That is about $5,000 per student for an entirely new plant. Realizing there is always an underestimate in these things, as a matter of comparison, at Howard University, for the last six years there has been appropriated $22.5 million, which figures out at $4,500 per student merely for added facilities in just a six-year period. Could we get for the record-and, as I said earlier I think these colleges are needed-could we get some idea of what the actual costs will be? Dr. HANSEN. This is the latest study we have been able to draw up. It is somewhat higher than at first anticipated. We could take another look at it. It is $12 million for the arts and sciences college and $25 million for the community college. Mr. DOWDY. $35 million, isn't it? Dr. HANSEN. $25 million. I think that figure comes close to the estimate made by O'Dell-MacConnell. The estimate was $32 million without site, so it seems to me $35 million is an adequate estimate. This estimate has been made by our buildings and grounds people and ties in with what O'Dell-MacConnell estimated for a program of this kind. We will be very glad to look over it again. Mr. DOWDY. What about the college of arts and sciences? Dr. HANSEN. Here I am not quite sure. Mr. DowDY. That $12 million is what I was comparing with the cost of additions at Howard in the last six years. Dr. HANSEN. We are getting an appropriation of $5.7 million for the construction of a modern senior high school in the Northeast, for construction only; the equipment would be extra. I expect this will cost $7 million by the time we are through, for 1,800 pupils. Perhaps there will not be too much difference in the facilities between that and the college, so that here again, using this figure as the basis for making a kind of check on an estimate, the $10 million may not be unreasonable. I would be very happy to have this restudied by our experts in finance and make it a part of the record. (See appendix, p. 165.) Mr. DOWDY. I would appreciate it. (The revised cost estimates of the Board of Commissioners are contained in their report on H.R. 16958, as follows:) GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Hon. JOHN L. MCMILLAN, Chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia, EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Washington, September 26, 1966. DEAR MR. MCMILLAN: The Commissioners of the District of Columbia have for report H. R. 16958, a bill "To authorize the establishment of a public community and vocational college and a public college of arts and sciences in the District of Columbia." The purpose of the bill is to create a District of Columbia Board of Higher Education to plan, establish, and govern the opertions of a public college of arts and sciences and a public community and vocational college in the District of Columbia. In brief, the bill would (1) Establish a comprehensive two-year community or "junior" and vocational college, publicly supported, which would (a) Offer opportunities for technical and vocational training to high school graduates or former students available for study who have not completed either high school or elementary school studies. (b) Offer general academic education which is acceptable for full credit toward an associate arts degree or for further study in a 4-year college or university for those who qualify and seek it. (c) Provide that District of Columbia residents shall pay no tuition but will pay normal student fees required in any State-supported institution of higher learning. (2) Establish a public college of arts and sciences which would (a) Offer a college program in the liberal arts and sciences acceptable for a bachelor's degree or master's degree, with the junior college program academically integrated into curriculums where feasible. (b) Incorporate the District of Columbia Teachers College into the new college in accordance with timing agreed upon by the Board of Higher Education and the Board of Education, and approved by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. (c) Provide that District of Columbia residents shall pay no tuition but will pay normal student fees required in any State-supported institution of higher learning. The bill incorporates the key recommendations of the Committee on Public Higher Education in the District of Columbia appointed by President John F. Kennedy on September 23, 1963, and reappointed by President Lyndon Johnson. The provisions of H.R. 16958 are identical to those of S. 293 as passed by the Senate on September 21, 1966 (Senate Report No. 1557), with the exceptions hereinafter noted. In the interests of facilitating the passage of this much needed legislation in this session of the Congress, the Commissioners recommend that H.R. 16958 be brought into substantial conformity with S. 293, as so reported, by the following amendments: 1. Amend section 2(b) of H.R. 16958 to read as follows: "(b) The term 'public community and vocational college' means an institution of higher education established pursuant to this Act and which (1) is organized and administered principally to provide a two-year program (including but not limited to courses in business education, secretarial training and business administration) which is acceptable for full credit toward a bachelor's degree or for a degree of associate in arts or a two-year program in engineering, mathematics or the physical sciences and biological sciences which is designed to prepare a student to work as a technician and at a semiprofessional level in engineering, sciences or other technical fields which require the understanding and application of basic engineering, scientific or mathematical principles or knowledge; and (2) also provides (A) vocational and technical education designed to fit individuals for useful employment in recognized occupations, pursuant to a State plan for this purpose approved by the United States Commissioner of Education; and (B) other courses on an individual noncredit basis for persons desiring to further their education without seeking a degree." 2. Redesignate section 4 as section 4(a) and amend paragraph numbered (1) of such section 4(a), as so redesignated, to read as follows: "(1) To develop detailed plans for and to establish, organize, and operate in the District of Columbia a public college of arts and sciences and a public community and vocational college, which shall, to the extent practicable without prejudice to their different missions, rely upon the same faculty, facilities, and administrative services;" 3. Insert a section 4(b) reading as follows: "(b) A person shall, at the time of his registration to attend any college established under this Act, be considered to be a legal resident of the District of Columbia for purposes of paragraph (6) of subsection (a) if— (1) such person is domiciled in the District of Columbia on the date of such registration and has been so domiciled during all of the six-month period immediately preceding such date; and (2) in case such person (A) on such date (i) has not attained twenty-one years of age, (ii) has not been relieved of the disabilities of minority by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, and (iii) has a living parent or a court-appointed guardian or custodian, there resides in the District of Columbia on such date an individual who is the parent or court-appointed guardian or custodian of such person, and (B) such individual is domiciled in the District of Columbia on such date and has been so domiciled for all of the six-month period immediately preceding such date." With respect to section 8 of H. R. 16958, authorizing the appropriation of funds to carry out the purposes of the Act, and increasing the authority of the Commissioners to borrow funds for capital improvements programs, the Commissioners believe subsection (a) to be preferable to the corresponding provision of S. 293 because it is more general and therefore lends itself to greater flexibility without disturbing the right of the Congress to make final decisions of major features. However, the Commissioners recommend that subsection (b) of section 8 be amended to read as follows: "(b) Subsection (b) of section 1 of the Act entitled 'An Act to authorize the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to borrow funds for capital improvements programs and to amend provisions of law relating to Federal Government participation in meeting costs of maintaining the Nation's Capital City', approved June 6, 1958 (72 Stat. 183), as amended (D.C. Code, sec. 9-220(b)), is amended (1) by striking out '$225,000,000' and inserting in lieu thereof '$265,000,000', and (2) by inserting immediately before the period at the end thereof a colon and the following: 'And provided further, That $40,000,000 of the principal amount of loans authorized to be advanced pursuant to this subsection shall be utilized to carry out the purposes of the District of Columbia Public Higher Education Act'." The recommended change in subsection (b) of section 8 of the bill, to increase the borrowing authority to $40 million, is the result of a recent reexamination of the costs previously estimated for the two colleges. The task of estimating such costs is of course dependent upon the refinement of basic assumptions and the availability of comparative cost data. The detailed plans to be developed by the proposed new Board of Higher Education will provide a sound basis on which to forecast budget estimates. However, the following estimates represent, by way of example, the District's best current judgment of what construction costs might be anticipated. The following revised estimates are the result of discussions with various government agencies, professional organizations, and individuals. The present estimate for the college of arts and sciences is, however, the same as that presented to the Senate District Committee by the Superintendent of School, and is as follows: Plans and Specifications.. Construction_.. Equipment Total___ 2,500 student stations $800, 000 10, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 $11, 800, 000 Based upon data obtained from the American Association of Junior Colleges, the U.S. Office of Education, and a study conducted by the American School and University Magazine showing national construction cost estimates, the Commissioners have recomputed the cost estimates for the public community and vocational college complex. These estimates are based upon a student station or space capacity of 4,000. Of the 4,000 student stations, 2,500 would be planned for the vocational, technical, and occupational courses (hereafter, "VTO"). The remaining 1,500 student station capacity would be utilized by the community college for non-VTO activities. The The data obtained from the various sources showing cost estimates on a national basis were predicated upon either (1) a cost per student station basis, or (2) a cost per square foot basis. The following estimates are predicated upon 106 square feet per student station in the regular community college program, and 150 square feet of floor space per student station in the VTO program. VTO program therefore requires approximately 50% more square feet of space per student station, due to the large amount of equipment required for machine shops, auto repair, and similar VTO activities. The VTO program requires approximately one-third of the cost for equipment and two-thirds for plans, specifications, and construction. The community college-type program requires only approximately 10% of cost for equipment. Based upon these data showing national trends, the cost per student station is estimated at $6,000 for the VTO program involving 2,500 student station or full time day student capacity, and $4,000 per student station for the 1,500 student stations to be utilized for the community college program. The cost of the public community and vocational college facilities are summarized as follows: To recapitulate, the costs for construction and equipment for this program are estimated as follows: These estimates represent possible costs to the District. However, the Commissioners hope that a site can be obtained on available public lands and anticipate that funds might be obtained from various Federal educational grant programs to |