from reaching navigable waters. A secondary means of containment, such as dikes or catchment basins, should be furnished for the largest single compartment or tank. These facilities should be located where they will not be subject to periodic flooding or washout. (3) Facility transfer operations, pumping, and in-plant process (onshore); (excluding production facilities). (1) Buried piping installations should have a protective wrapping and coating and should be cathodically protected if soil conditions warrant. If a section of buried line is exposed for any reason, it should be carefully examined for deterioration. If corrosion damage is found, additional examination and corrective action should be taken as indicated by the magnitude of the damage. An alternative would be the more frequent use of exposed pipe corridors or galleries. (ii) When a pipeline is not in service, or in standby service for an extended time the terminal connection at the transfer point should be capped or blank-flanged, and marked as to origin. (iii) Pipe supports should be properly designed to minimize abrasion and corrosion and allow for expansion and contraction. (iv) All aboveground valves and pipelines should be subjected to regular examinations by operating personnel at which time the general condition of items, such as flange joints, expansion joints, valve glands and bodies, catch pans, pipeline supports, locking of valves, and metal surfaces should be assessed. In addition, periodic pressure testing may be warranted for piping in areas where facility drainage is such that a failure might lead to a spill event. (v) Vehicular traffic granted entry into the facility should be warned verbally or by appropriate signs to be sure that the vehicle, because of its size, will not endanger above ground piping. (4) Facility tank car and tank truck loading/unloading rack (onshore). (i) Tank car and tank truck loading/unloading procedures should meet the minimum requirements and reguiation established by the Department of Transportation. (ii) Where rack area drainage does not flow into a catchment basin or treatment facility designed to handle spills, a quick drainage system should be used for tank truck loading and unloading areas. The containment system should be designed to hold at least maximum capacity of any single compartment of a tank car or tank truck loaded or unloaded in the plant. (iii) An interlocked warning light or physical barrier system, or warning signs, should be provided in loading/ unloading areas to prevent vehicular departure before complete disconnect of flexible or fixecl transfer lines. (iv) Prior to filling and departure of any tank car or tank truck, the lowermost drain and all outlets of such vehicles should be closely examined for leakage, and if necessary, tightened, adjusted, or replaced to prevent liquid leakage while in transit. (5) Oil production facilities (onshore). (i) Definition. An onshore production facility may include all wells, flowlines, separation equipment, storage facilities, gathering lines, and auxiliary non-transportation-related equipment and facilities in a single geographical oil or gas field operated by a single operator. (ii) Oil production facility (onshore) drainage. (A) At tank batteries and central treating stations where an accidental discharge of oil would have a reasonable possibility of reaching navi. gable waters, the dikes or equivalent required under $112.7(c)(1) should have drains closed and sealed at all times except when rainwater is being drained. Prior to drainage, the diked area should be inspected as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) (B), (C), and (D). Accumulated oil on the rainwater should be picked up and returned to storage or disposed of in accordance with approved methods. (B) Field drainage ditches, road ditches, and oil traps, sumps or skimmers, if such exist, should be inspected at regularly scheduled intervals for accumulation of oil thai may have escaped from small leaks. Any such accumulations should be removed. (iii) Oil production facility (onshore) detect possible system upsets bulk storage tanks. (A) No tank should could cause an oil discharge. be used for the storage of oil unless its (C) Production facilities should material and construction are compati- a program of flowline maintenan ble with the material stored and the prevent spills from this source. conditions of storage. program should include periodic (B) All tank battery and central aminations, corrosion protection, treating plant installations should be line replacement, and adequate provided with a secondary means of ords, as appropriate, for the indiv containment for the entire contents of facility. the largest single tank if feasible, or (6) Oil drilling and workover fo alternate systems such as those out- ties (onshore). (i) Mobile drillin lined in $112.7(c)(1). Drainage from workover equipment should be undiked areas should be safely con- tioned or located so as to pre fined in a catchment basin or holding spilled oil from reaching navi pond. waters. (C) All tanks containing oil should (ii) Depending on the loca be visually examined by a competent catchment basins or diversions person for condition and need for tures may be necessary to inte maintenance on a scheduled periodic and contain spills of fuel, crude o basis. Such examination should in- oily drilling fluids. clude the foundation and supports of (iii) Before drilling below any ca tanks that are above the surface of string or during workover operat the ground. a blowout prevention (BOP) asse (D) New and old tank battery instal and well control system should b lations should, as far as practical, be stalled that is capable of contro fail-safe engineered or updated into a any well head pressure that is ex fail-safe engineered installation to pre- ed to be end tered ile that vent spills. Consideration should be assembly is on the well. Casing given to one or more of the following: BOP installations should be in ac (1) Adequate tank capacity to assure ance with State regulatory agenc that a tank will not overfill should a quirements. pumper/gauger be delayed in making (7) Oil drilling, production, or ? his regular rounds. over facilities (offshore). D (2) Overflow equalizing lines be- tion: “An oil drilling, productio. tween tanks so that a full tank can workover facility (offshore)” ma overflow to an adjacent tank. clude all drilling or workover e (3) Adequate vacuum protection to ment, wells, flowlines, gathering prevent tank collapse during a pipeline platforms, and auxiliary nontran run. tation-related equipment and faci (4) High level sensors to generate in a single geographical oil or gas and transmit an alarm signal to the operated by a single operator. computer where facilities are a part of (ii) Oil drainage collection e a computer production control system. ment should be used to prevent (iv) Facility transfer operations, oil control small oil spillage production facility (onshore). (A) All pumps, glands, valves, flanges, ex above ground valves and pipelines sion joints, hoses, drain lines, se should be examined periodically on a tors, treaters, tanks, and allied e scheduled basis for general condition ment. Drains on the facility shou of items such as flange joints, valve controlled and directed toward a glands and bodies, drip pans, pipeline tral collection sump or equivalen supports, pumping well polish rod lection system sufficient to pre stuffing boxes, bleeder and gauge discharges of oil into the navi valves. waters of the United States. W (B) Salt water (oil field brine) dis- drains and sumps are not practi posal facilities should be exained oil contained in collection equip often, particularly following a sudden should be removed as often as n change in atmospheric temperature to sary to prevent ɔverflow. ar (iii) For facilities employing a sump facility should be sufficiently desystem, sump and drains should be scribed to determine method of activa. adequately sized and a spare pump or tion or control, e.g., pressure differenequivalent method should be available tial, change in fluid or flow conditions, to remove liquid from the sump and combination of pressure and flow, assure that oil does not escape. A regu- manual or remote control mechalar scheduled preventive maintenance nisms. Detailed records for each well, inspection and testing program should while not necessarily part of the plan be employed to assure reliable oper. should be kept by the owner or operaation of the liquid removal system and tor. pump start-up device. Redundant (xi) Before drilling below any casing automatic sump pumps and control de. string, and during workover operations vices may be required on some instal a blowout preventer (BOP) assembly lations. and well control system should be in(iv) in areas where separators and stalled that is capable of controlling treaters are equipped with dump any well-head pressure that is expect. valves whose predominant mode of ed to be encountered while that BOP failure is in the closed position and assembly is on the well. Casing and pollution risk is high, the facility BOP installations should be in accordshould be specially equipped to pre ance with State regulatory agency revent the escape of oil. This could be quirements. accomplished by extending the flare line to a diked area if the separator is (xii) Extraordinary well control measures should be provided should near shore, equipping it with a high liquid level sensor that will automati emergency conditions, including fire, cally shut-in wells producing to the loss of control and other abnormal conditions, occur. The degree of conseparator, parallel redundant dump valves, or other feasible alternatives to trol system redundancy should vary prevent oil discharges. with hazard exposure and probable (V) Atmospheric storage or surge consequences of failure. It is recomtanks should be equipped with high mended that surface shut-in systems liquid level sensing devices or other ac have redundant or "fail close" valving. ceptable alternatives to prevent oil dis Subsurface safety valves may not be charges. needed in producing wells that will not (vi) Pressure tanks should be flow but should be installed as reequipped with high and low pressure quired by applicable State regulations. sensing devices to activate an alarm (xiii) In order that there will be no and/or control the flow or other ac misunderstanding of joint and sepaceptable alternatives to prevent oil dis rate duties and obligations to perform charges. work in a safe and pollution free (vii) Tanks should be equipped with manner, written instructions should be suitable corrosion protection. prepared by the owner or operator for (viii) A written procedure for in contractors and subcontractors specting and testing pollution preven follow whenever contract activities intion equipment and systems should be clude servicing a well or systems apprepared and maintained at the facili- purtenant to a well or pressure vessel. ty. Such procedures should be includ- Such instructions and procedures ed as part of the SPCC Plan. should be maintained at the offshore (ix) Testing and inspection of the production facility. Under certain cir. pollution prevention equipment and cumstances and conditions such consystems at the facility should be con- tractor activities may require the presducted by the owner or operator on a ence at the facility of an authorized scheduled periodic basis commensu- representative of the owner or operarate with the complexity, conditions tor who would intervene when necesand circumstances of the facility or sary to prevent a spill event. other appropriate regulations. (xiv) All manifolds (ñeaders) should (x) Surface and subsurface well be equipped with check valves on indishut-in valves and devices in use ač the vidual flowlines. to Eficienti hod of a sure ditt : w condit e and 1 trol me or each i of the her or op &nyak т орел ) Essen could be control I is expe that Casing ! in 8ccm agency ly capped or blank-flanged wh in service or standby service for tended time. This security p should also apply to pipelines th emptied of liquid content eitt draining or by inert gas pressure (v) Facility lighting should bmensurate with the type and lc of the facility. Consideration be given to: (A) Discovery of sp curring during hours of darkness by operating personnel, if preser by non-operating personnel (th eral public, local police, etc.) a prevention of spills occurring th acts of vandalism. (10) Personnel, training ang prevention procedures. (i) Own operators are responsible for pr instructing their personnel in t eration and maintenance of equi to prevent the discharges of o applicable pollution control laws and regulations. (ii) Each applicable facility s have a designated person who countable for oil spill preventio who reports to line management (iii) Owners or operators 5 schedule and conduct spill preve briefings for their operating pers at intervals frequent enough to adequate understanding of the Plan for that facility. Such bri should highlight and describe la spill events or failures, malfuncti components, and recently deve precautionary measures. (xv) If the shut-in well pressure is greater than the working pressure of the flowline and manifold valves up to and including the header valves associated with that individual flowline, the flowline should be equipped with a high pressure sensing device and shutin valve at the wellhead unless provided with a pressure relief system to prevent over pressuring. (xvi) All pipelines appurtenant to the facility should be protected from corrosion. Methods used, such as protective coatings or cathodic protection, should be discussed. (xvii) Sub-marine pipelines appurtenant to the facility should be adequately protected against environmental stresses and other activities such as fishing operations. (xviii) Sub-marine pipelines appurtenant to the facility should be in good operating condition at all times and inspected on a scheduled periodic basis for failures. Such inspections should be documented and maintained at the facility. (8) Inspections and records. Inspections required by this part should be in accordance with written procedures developed for the facility by the owner or operator. These written procedures and a record of the inspections, signed by the appropriate supervisor or inspector, should be made part of the SPCC Plan and maintained for a period of three years. (9) Security (excluding oil production facilities). (i) All plants handling, processing, and storing oil should be fully fenced, and entrance gates should be locked and/or guarded when the plant is not in production or is unattended. (ii) The master flow and drain valves and any other valvs that will permit direct outward flow of the tank's content to the surface should be securely locked in the closed position when in non-operating or non-standby status. (iii) The starter control on all oil pumps should be locked in the “off” position or located at a site accessible only to authorized personnel when the pumps are in a non-operating or nonstandby status. (iv) The loading/unloading connections of oil pipelines should be secure e of a uld probeli S rect syster Valvin APPENDIX-MEMORANDUM OF UNDERST BETWEEN THE SECRETARY OF TRANS TION AND THE ADMINISTRATOR OF TH) RONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SECTION II-DEFINITIONS vessel dures Shore 7 cir COD pres rized pers. eces The Environmental Protection and the Department of Transpo agree that for the purposes of Ex Order 11548, the term: (1) “Non-transportation-related and offshore facilities" means: (A) Fixed onshore and offshore drilling facilities including all equ and appurtenances related theretol drilling operations for exploratory on opment wells, but excluding any te facility, unit or process integrally ass with the handling or transferring o. bulk to or from a vessel. (B) Mobile onshore and offshore drilling platforms, barges, trucks, or ould ndi. mobile facilities including all equipment and appurtenances related thereto when such mobile facilities are fixed in position for the purpose of drilling operations for exploratory or development wells, but excluding any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (C) Fixed onshore and offshore oil production structures, platforms, derricks, and rigs including all equipment and appurtenances related thereto, as well as completed wells and the wellhead separators, oil separators, and storage facilities used in the production of oil, but excluding any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (D) Mobile onshore and offshore oil production facilities including all equipment and appurtenances related thereto as well as completed wells and wellhead equipment, piping from wellheads to oil separators, oil separators, and storage facilities used in the production of oil when such mobile facilities are fixed in position for the purpose of oil production operations, but excluding any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (E) Oil refining facilities including all equipment and appurtenances related thereto as well as in-plant processing units, storage units, piping, drainage systems and waste treatment units used in the refining of oil, but excluding any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (F) Oil storage facilities including all equipment and appurtenances related thereto as well as fixed bulk plant storage, termi. nal oil storage facilities, consumer storage, pumps and drainage systems used in the storage of oil, but excluding inline or breakout storage tanks needed for the continuous operation of a pipeline system and any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the handling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (G) Industrial, commercial, agricultural or public facilities which use and store oil, but excluding any terminal facility, unit or process integrally associated with the han. dling or transferring of oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (H) Waste treatment facilities including in-plant pipelines, effluent discharge lines, and storage tanks, but excluding waste treatment facilities located on vessels and terminal storage tanks and appurtenances for the reception of oily ballast water or tank washings from vessels and associated systems used for off-loading vessels. (I) Loading racks, transfer hoses, Joading arms and other equipment which are appur tenant to a nontransportation-related facility or terminal facility and which are used to transfer oil in bulk to or from highway vehi. cles or railroad cars. (J) Highway vehicles and railroad cars which are used for the transport of oil exclusively within the confines of a nontransportation-related facility and which are not intended to transport oil in interstate or intrastate commerce. (K) Pipeline systems which are used for the transport of oil exclusively within the confines of & nontransportation-related f&cility or terminal facility and which are not intended to transport oil in interstate or intrastate commerce, but excluding pipeline systems used to transfer oil in bulk to or from & vessel. (2) "Transportation-related onshore and offshore facilities" nieans: (A) Onshore and offshore terminal facilities including transfer hoses, loading arms and other equipment and appurtenances used for the purpose of handling or transferring oil in bulk to or from a vessel as well as storage tanks and appurtenances for the reception of oily ballast water or tank washings from vessels, but excluding terminal waste treatment facilities and terminal oil storage facilities. (B) Transfer hoses, loading arms and other equipment appurtenant to a nontransportation-related facility which is used to transfer oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (C) Interstate and intrastate onshore and offshore pipeline systems including pumps and appurtenances related thereto as well as in-line or breakout storage tanks needed for the continuous operation of a pipeline system, and pipelines from onshore and off. shore oil production facilities, but excluding onshore and offshore piping from wellheads to oil separacors and pipelines which are used for the transport of oil exclusively within the confines of a nontransportationrelated facility or terminal facility and which are not intended to transport oil in interstate or intrastate commerce or to transfer oil in bulk to or from a vessel. (D) Highway vehicles and railroad cars which are used for the transport of oil in interstate or intrastate commerce and the equipment and appurtenances related thereto, and equipment used for the fueling of locomotive units, as well as the rights-of-way on which they operate. Excluded are highway vehicles and railroad cars and motive power used exclusively within the confines of a nontransportation-related facility or terminal facility and which are not intended for use in interstate or intrastate commerce. |