--arucine Colorimetric shall be repesied at intervals specified -220ard Methods for the by the Sisze bra in no event less fre Water and quently than si three year intervals. stevaler. Edition, pp. 461- (2) For comszty water systems In Reduction Method, utilizing or ground water sources, - Chemical Analysis of analyses sba be completed by those ustes. pp. 201-206, Envi- systems specified by the State. meetion Agency, Office (b) If the result of an analysis made very easier, Washington, pursuant to paragraph (a) of this sec tion indicates that the level of any icmc Absorption contaminant listed in § 141.12 exceeds 2005 .r Chemical Anal. the maximum contaminant level, the bu astes," p. 145, En- supplier of water shall report to the en Agency, Office State within 7 days and initiate three sier, Washington, additional analyses within one month. (c) When the average of four analyST:c Absorption ses made pursuant to paragraph (b) of 2. Methods for the this section rounded to the same Water and number of significant figures as the e Edition, pp. 210- maximum contaminant level for the Cr Chemical Analy. substance in question, exceeds the Tistes”, p. 146, Envi. maximum contaminant level, the supcon Agency, Office plier of water shall report to the State ster, Washington, pursuant to $141.31 and give notice to the public pursuant to 141.32. Moni. Sectrode Method, toring after public notification shall Kus or the Examina be at a frequency designated by the - vu Vastewater", 13th State and shall continue until the . *r Methods for maximum contaminant level has not of Water and been exceeded in two successive samSnvironmental ples or until a monitoring schedule as i Tucolcondition to a variance, exemption 3:02. C. 30400, or enforcement action shall become ef204 vith fective. Standart (d) For the initial analysis required Sien of by paragraph (a) (1) and (2) of this 19 Saitzon, section, data for surface water ac Neulous quired within one year prior to the efNacer and fective date of this part and data for mental ground water acquired within three canol years prior to the effective date of this at Q. 20460, part may be substituted at the discretion of the State. (e) Analyses made to determine comSampaing and pliance with $ 141.12(a) shall be made in accordance with “Method for OrVines for the ginochlorine Pesticides in Industrial • Bonpilance Exfluents," MDQARL, Environmental * Orlows Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, vsiems November 28, 1973. (1) Analyses made to determine comSit itt vear pliance with $ 141.12(b) shall be con ducted in accordance with “Methods for Chlorinated Phenoxy Acid Herbi. cides in Industrial Effluents,” MDQARL, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, November 8. 1973. water, the required sensitivity of the radioanalysis is defined in terms of a detection limit. The detection limit shall be that concentration which can be counted with a precision of plus or minus 100 percent at the 95 percent confidence level (1.960 where o is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the sample). (1) To determine compliance with § 141.15(a) the detection limit shall not exceed 1 pCi/1. To determine compliance with $ 141.15(b) the detection limit shall not exceed 3 pCi/1. (2) To determine compliance with § 141.16 the detection limits shall not exceed the concentrations listed in Table B. TABLE B.-DETECTION LIMITS FOR MAN-MADE BETA PARTICLE AND PHOTON EMITTERS Detection limit 1,000 pCi/1. Strontium-89. 10 pCi/1. Strontium-90 2 pCi/1. Iodine-131 1 pci/1. Cesium-134 10 pCi/l. Gross beta... 4 pCi/1. Other radionuclides 410 of the applicable limit. $ 141.25 Analytical Methods for Radioac tivity, (a) The methods specified in Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, EPA-600/475-008, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, or those listed below, are to be used to determine compliance with 88 141.15 and 141.16 (radioactivity) except in cases where alternative methods have been approved in accordance with § 141.27. (1) Gross Alpha and Beta-Method 302 "Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity in Water” Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, American Public Health Association, New York, N.Y., 1971. (2) Total Radium-Method 304 "Radium in Water by Precipitation” Ibid. (3) Radium-226-Method 305 "Radium-226 by Radon in Water" Ibid. (4) Strontium-89,90 Method 303 "Total Strontium and Strontium-90 in Water” Ibid. (5) Tritium-Method 306 “Tritium in Water" Ibid. (6) Cesium-134 ASTM D-2459 "Gamma Spectrometry in Water," 1975 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water and Atmospheric Analysis, Part 31, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. (1975). (7) Uranium-ASTM D-2907 "Microquantities of Uranium in Water by Fluorometry,” Ibid. (b) When the identification and measurement of radionuclides other than those listed in paragraph (a) is required, the following references are to be used, except in cases where alternative methods have been approved in accordance with § 141.27. (1) Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions, H. L. Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014. USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1973. (2) HASL Procedure Manual, Edited by John H. Harley. HASL 300, ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, N.Y., 1973. (c) For the purpose of monitoring radioactivity concentrations in drinking (d) To judge compliance with the maximum contaminant levels listed in sections 141.15 and 141.16, averages of data shall be used and shall be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the maximum contaminant level for the substance in question. (41 FR 28404, July 9, 1976) § 141.26 Monitoring Frequency for Radio activity in Community Water Systems. (a) Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium226 and radium-228. (1) Initial sampling to determine compliance with § 141.15 shall begin within two years of the effective date of these regulations and the analysis shall be completed within three years of the effective date of these regulations. Compliance shall be based on the analysis of an annual composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or the average of the analyses of four samples obtained at quarterly intervals. (i) A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required radium-226 and radium 1 moni 228 analysis Provided, that the meas- ferent concentrations of radioactivity cedure required by paragraph (a)(1). **?ma for radium-226. If the concentration concentration exceeds 3 pci/1, when of radium-226 exceeds 3 pCi/1 the ordered by the State. same or an equivalent sample shall be (4) If the average annual maximum analyzed for radium-228. contaminant level for gross alpha par. (2) For the initial analysis required ticle activity or total radium as set med at by paragraph (a)(1), data acquired forth in § 141.15 is exceeded, the supwithin one year prior to the effective plier of a community water system date of this part may be substituted at shall give notice to the State pursuant car the the discretion of the State. to § 141.31 and notify the public as re migraph (3) Suppliers of water shall monitor quired by § 141.32. Monitoring at quar sofi at least once every four years follow- terly intervals shall be continued until ing the procedure required by para- the annual average concentration no graph (a)(1). At the discretion of the longer exceeds the maximum contami. 201. State, when an annual record taken in nant level or until a monitoring schedconformance with paragraph (a)(1) ule as a condition to a variance, exhas established that the average emption or enforcement action shall annual concentration is less than half become effective. 2.3 the the maximum contaminant levels es- (b) Monitoring requirements for tablished by $ 141.15, analysis of a manmade radioactivity in community single sample may be substituted for water systems. the quarterly sampling procedure re- (1) Within two years of the effective quired by paragraph (a)(1). date of this part, systems using sur(1) More frequent monitoring shall face water sources and serving more be conducted when ordered by the than 100,000 persons and such other State in the vicinity of mining or community water systems as are desigother operations which may contrib- nated by the State shall be monitored 2.75L. ute alpha particle radioactivity to for compliance with § 141.16 by analy- Dalysi either surface or ground water sources sis of a composite of four consecutive of drinking water. quarterly samples or analysis of four (ii) A supplier of water shall monitor quarterly samples. Compliance with in conformance with paragraph (a)(1) $ 141.16 may be assumed without furwithin one year of the introduction of ther analysis if the average annual a new water source for a community concentration of gross beta particle acwater system. More frequent monitor- tivity is less than 50 pCi/1 and if the ing shall be conducted when ordered average annual concentrations of tri. by the State in the event of possible tium and strontium-90 are less than contamination or when changes in the those listed in Table A, Provided, That distribution system or treatment proc- if both radionuclides are present the essing occur which may increase the sum of their annual dose equivalents concentration of radioactivity in fin- to bone marrow shall not exceed 4 milished water. lirem/year. (iii) A community water system (1) If the gross beta particle activity using two or more sources having dif- exceeds 50 pCi/1, an analysis of the these Article O balyz sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents present and the appropriate organ and total body doses shall be calculated to determine compliance with $ 141.16. (ii) Suppliers of water shall conduct additional monitoring, as ordered by the State, to determine the concentration of man-made radioactivity in principal watersheds designated by the State. (iii) At the discretion of the State, suppliers of water utilizing only ground waters may be required to monitor for man-made radioactivity. (2) For the initial analysis required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section data acquired within one year prior to the effective date of this part may be substituted at the discretion of the State. (3) After the initial analysis required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section suppliers of water shall monitor at least every four years following the procedure given in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (4) Within two years of the effective date of these regulations the supplier of any community water system designated by the State as utilizing waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities shall initiate quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle and iodine-131 radioactivity and annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium. (i) Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity shall be based on the analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three monthly samples. The former is recommended. If the gross beta particle activity in a sample exceeds 15 pCi/1, the same or an equivalent sample shall be analyzed for strontium-89 and cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/l, an analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents present and the appropriate organ and total body doses shall be calculated to determine compliance with § 141.16. (ii) For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples shall be analyzed once each quarter. As ordered by the State, more frequent monitoring shall be conducted when iodine-131 is identified in the finished water. (iii) Annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium shall be conducted by means of the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four quarterly samples. The latter procedure is recommended. (iv) The State may allow the substitution of environmental surveillance data taken in conjunction with a nuclear facility for direct monitoring of manmade radioactivity by the supplier of water where the State determines such data is applicable to a particular community water system. (5) If the average annual maximum contaminant level for man-made radioactivity set forth in § 141.16 is exceeded, the operator of a community water system shall give notice to the State pursuant to § 141.31 and to the public as required by § 141.32. Monitoring at monthly intervals shall be continued until the concentration no longer exceeds the maximum contaminant level or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, exemption or enforcement action shall become effective. (41 FR 28404, July 9, 1976) § 141.27 Alternative analytical techniques. With the written permission of the State, concurred in by the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, an alternative analytical technique may be employed. An alternative technique shall be acceptable only if it is substantially equivalent to the prescribed test in both precision and accuracy as it relates to the determination of compliance with any maximum contaminant level. The use of the alternative analytical technique shall not decrease the frequency of monitoring required by this part. $ 141.28 Approved laboratories. For the purpose of determining compliance with $ 141.21 through § 141.27, samples may be considered only if they have been analyzed by a laboratory approved by the State except that measurements for turbidity and free chlorine residual may be per formed by any person acceptable to the Act, the supplier of water shall the State. notify persons served by the system of the failure or grant by inclusion of a $ 141.29 Monitoring of consecutive public notice in the first set of water bills of water systems. the system issued after the failure or When a public water system supplies grant and in any event by written water to one or more other public notice within three months. Such water systems, the State may modify notice shall be repeated at least once the monitoring requirements imposed every three months so long as the sysby this part to the extent that the in- tem's failure continues or the variance terconnection of the systems jusifies or exemption remains in effect. If the treating them as a single system for system issues water bills less frequentmonitoring purposes. Any modified ly than quarterly, or does not issue monitoring shall be conducted pursu- water bills, the notice shall be made ant to a schedule specified by the by or supplemented by another form State and concurred in by the Admin- of direct mail. istrator of the U.S. Environmental (b) If a community water system has Protection Agency. failed to comply with an applicable maximum contaminant level, the supSubpart D-Reporting, Public plier of water shall notify the public Notification and Record keeping of such failure, in addition to the noti fication required by paragraph (a) of $ 141.31 Reporting requirements. this section, as follows: (1) By publication on not less than (a) Except where a shorter reporting three consecutive days in a newspaper period is specified in this part, the or newspapers of general circulation in supplier of water shall report to the the area served by the system. Such State within 40 days following a test, notice shall be completed within fourmeasurement or analysis required to teen days after the supplier of water be made by this part, the results of learns of the failure. that test, measurement or analysis. (2) By furnishing a copy of the (b) The supplier of water shall notice to the radio and television stareport to the State within 48 hours tions serving the area served by the the failure to comply with any prima system. Such notice shall be furnished ry drinking water regulation (includ within seven days after the supplier of ing failure to comply with monitoring water learns of the failure. requirements) set forth in this part. (c) If the area served by a communi(c) The supplier of water is not re ty water system is not served by a quired to report analytical results to the State in cases where a State labo- daily newspaper of general circulation, notification by newspaper required by ratory performs the analysis and reports the results to the State office paragraph (b) of this section shall inwhich would normally receive such no stead be given by publication on three tification from the supplier. consecutive weeks in a weekly newspa per of general circulation serving the $ 141.32 Public notification. area. If no weekly or daily newspaper of general circulation serves the area, (a) If a community water system notice shall be given by posting the fails to comply with an applicable notice in post offices within the area maximum contaminant level established in Subpart B, fails to comply served by the system. with an applicable testing procedure (d) If non-community water established in Subpart C of this part, system fails to comply with an applicais granted a variance or an exemption ble maximum contaminant level estabfrom an applicable maximum contami- lished in Subpart B of this part, fails nant level, fails to comply with the re- to comply with an applicable testing quirements of any schedule prescribed procedure established in Subpart C of pursuant to a variance or exemption, this part, is granted a variance or an or fails to perform any monitoring re- exemption from an applicable maxiquired pursuant to Section 1445 (a) of mum contaminant level, fails to а |