...language in Mr. George's letter. Dr. Ahmed quoted from Article I of the Convention: "Each. . .Party. ..undertakes never in any circumstance to develop,...produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire or retain: (1) Microbial or other biological agents or toxins, whatever their origin or method of production,...

...treaty obligations under the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, because Article I says, and I quote, "Each state party to this Convention undertakes never...produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire or retain biological agents, toxins, et cetera, nor means of delivery." Now, how are we permitted to do our research...

...become States Parties to the Convention. Article I of the convention requires signatory nations ' 'never to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire...other biological agents, or toxins whatever their methods of production, of types or in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective,...

...parties to the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) agree 'never under any circumstances to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain' microbial or other biological agents other than for peaceful purposes, or their weapons or delivery systems. 6 As to chemical weapons, a...

...infer a definition. Article I of the BTWC, which contains the Convention's basic obligations, states: "Each State Party to this Convention undertakes never...produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain: (1) Microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production,...

...intermittent outbreaks of man-made biological horror. Each of the 159 nations endorsing the BWC pledged "never in any circumstance to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain" microbial or biological agents or the means to use them in war. Yet the convention contained no verification or...

...effectively a violation of Article I of the Convention. The Conference reaffirms the undertaking in Article 1 never in any circumstance to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes...

...called to order. In the biological convention, BWC, the United States and 158 signatory nations pledge never, in any circumstance, to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain biological agents or toxins for other than peaceful purposes. But the disclosure of a vast Soviet bioweapons...

...only eighteen have failed to ratify it. Under Article 1 of the convention, state parties agree not to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain microbial or other biological agents, as well as toxins, regardless of origin or method of production, that have no peaceful purposes, nor...

...consists of a preamble followed by 15 articles. Article I forms the basic treaty obligation. Parties agree never in any circumstance to develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire or retain the following: 1 . Microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method...