20. He should study the charter under which he is operating -if under charter. Is it a "time charter" or a "trip charter"? He will be largely responsible for the carrying out of his owner's part of the contract. If abroad he may sign the charter party, as agent of the owner.

21. He is the accredited representative of the owner. He has the authority to act contrary to the wishes of the ship's agents, when he is satisfied that such action is to the best interests of his owners; he must be prepared to bear full responsibility for his actions.

22. He is responsible to his owners for the safety of his vessel, whether he is on board or not.

23. He cannot delegate his authority, or name his successor to command, without the consent of his owners-unless physically unfit for duty, and then he has the authority to retain command and delegate such duties as he may be unable to perform himself.

24. He is always in command of and responsible for the safety of the vessel, whether he is using the services of a pilot, or otherwise, and his station, while in pilot waters under way, is on the bridge.

25. He has the authority to take the vessel from the pilot's control at any time, when in his opinion her safety demands such action. The use of the pilot indicates that the most careful measures are being taken to prevent accident, and for the protection of the insurance underwriters. Under such conditions, the taking over of the vessel from the pilot is weighted with the fullest responsibility.

26. He is responsbile for the correct keeping of the wage account of the crew.

27. He is responsible for the safe carriage of mail entrusted to the vessel.

28. He is responsible for the acceptance on board of anyone except his crew, or regularly accredited passengers. He is accountable to the port authorities of the first port visited, for the presence of the same.

29. He must see that the legal requirements safeguarding the carriage of live stock are complied with.

30. He shall handle his vessel in conformity with the International Rules of the Road at Sea, or the Inland Rules, depending upon the waters in which he is navigating; he must know if he is on the high seas, or within the limits defined as inland waters.

31. He is the responsible navigator of his vessel, and cannot delegate this responsibility.

32. He must see that the officers and men respect the laws and regulations of the ports visited, that no contraband or dutiable articles are brought on board in violation of the same.

33. He must take steps to prevent smuggling.

34. He must keep a record of all fines, punishments, and charges against members of the crew, and must not permit punishment to be inflicted that is contrary to law, and only such punishment as is sanctioned by his express order. In the Official Log, where these entries are to be made, he must specify the nature and extent of the punishment.

35. In the Official Log Book he must enter the following: First. Every legal conviction of any member of his crew, and the punishment inflicted.

Second. Every offense committed by any member of his crew for which it is intended to prosecute or to enforce a forfeiture, together with such statement concerning the reading over such entry, and concerning the reply, if any, made to the charge, as is required by the provisions of section forty-five hundred and ninety-seven.

Third. Every offense for which punishment is inflicted on board, and the punishment inflicted.

Fourth. A statement of the conduct, character, and qualifications of each of his crew; or a statement that he declines to give an opinion of such particulars.

Fifth. Every case of illness or injury happening to any member of the crew, with the nature thereof, and the medical treatment.

Sixth. Every case of death happening on board, with the cause thereof.

Seventh. Every birth happening on board, with the sex of the infant, and the names of the parents.

Eighth. Every marriage taking place on board, with the names and ages of the parties.

Ninth. The name of every seamen or apprentice who ceases to be a member of the crew otherwise than by death, with the place, time, manner, and cause thereof.

Tenth. The wages due to any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage, and the gross amount of all deductions to be made therefrom.

Eleventh. The sale of the effects of any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage, including a statement of each article sold, and the sum received for it.

Twelfth. In every case of collision in which it is practicable so to do, the master shall, immediately after the occurrence, cause a statement thereof, and of the circumstances under which the same occurred, to be entered in the official log-book. Such entry shall be made in the manner prescribed in section forty-two hundred and ninety-one, and failure to make such entry shall subject the offender to the penalties prescribed by section forty-two hundred and ninety-two. (R. S., 4290; Feb. 14, 1900.)

Every entry hereby required to be made in the official log-book shall be signed by the master and by the mate, or some other one of the crew, and every entry in the official log-book shall be made as soon as possible after the occurrence to which it relates, and, if not made on the same day as the occurrence to which it relates, shall be made and dated so as to show the date of the occurrence, and of the entry respecting it; and in no case shall any entry therein, in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final port, be made more than twenty-four hours after such arrival. (R. S., 4291.)

If in any case the official log-book is not kept in the manner hereby required, or if any entry hereby directed to be made in any such log-book is not made at the time and in the manner hereby directed, the master shall, for each such offense, be liable to a penalty of not more than twenty-five dollars; and every person who makes, or procures to be made, or assists in making, any entry in any official log-book in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the

arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge, more than twentyfour hours after such arrival, shall, for each offense, be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred and fifty dollars. (R. S., 4292.)

36. He must see that the ship's log-book is properly kept.

37. He must see that the property of deceased persons is disposed of according to law.

38. He must not depart from the safest and most usual course in making a passage between the designated ports of his voyage, unless under instruction from legal authorities, as in time of war.

40. He must not depart from port, unless authorized to do so by the proper port or other authorities.

41. He must see that all drills and inspections required by law are carried out and record of same made in the official log-book.

42. In case of collision he must stand by, and give the name and hailing port of his vessel, if required.

43. He must make the required reports to the U. S. Local Inspectors, concerning all matters laid down in their rules.

44. He must see that his officers stand proper watches and conform to all the requirements of the law.

45. He must see that the licenses of all licensed officers are exhibited. as required by law.

46. He must see that the requirements of the vessel's Certificate of Inspection are rigidly adhered to-passengerssteam pressure-etc.

47. He should report promptly to his owners, and to the U. S. Local Inspectors, all details regarding accidents.

48. He must see that orderly conduct is maintained by his passengers as well as his crew-He must regularly inspect the quarters and accommodations assigned to them-must see to the ventilation-warmth-and cleanliness of sleeping and dining rooms, and the cleanliness of kitchens, pantries, store rooms, bath rooms and lavatories.

49. He should be familiar with the regulations of the customs authorities of the ports to which he is trading. He should know the customs districts, ports and sub-ports of entry in the United States.

50. He should study the navigation laws of the United States.

51. Being MASTER, he should really be a Master Mariner in every sense of the word. He should know his ship, her cargo, whatever it may be, and he should never be satisfied until he is skilled in every branch of the art of navigation and seamanship.

52. He has the authority to suspend officers from duty, for cause, and in the case of mutinous conduct at sea, he is justified in putting in irons any member of his crew, or any officer, or passenger, when the safety and discipline of the vessel require such action.

53. At sea, or outside any legal jurisdiction, he is justified, as a matter of protecting the lives and property in his care, to take human life, when other measures are inadequate to this end.

54. He may be called upon to set a leg, or saw it offto deliver a woman in childbirth-to perform the marriage ceremony-or to read the burial service at sea.

55. In the event of disaster; he must see to the safety of all hands, passengers and crew.

56. When his vessel founders, he must be the last man to leave the ship.