Environmental Protection: New ApproachesNova Publishers, 2004 - 70 pages In recent years, the interest in alternatives to the nation's 'command-and-control' approach to environmental protection has heightened. Driving this interest are concerns that the current approach to environmental protection has heightened, that the current approach is inefficient and excessively costly, and that it is ineffective in addressing certain problems such as non-point source pollution and global climate change. Alternative environmental protection approaches range from proposals that would replace the current system to ones that would supplement it. reliance on market mechanisms, devolution of federal responsibilities to state and local decision-makers, and substitution of private markets for public actions. The proposals for the most part represent a mix of techniques, and few are really new. Most of the ideas have been developed and promoted for some time; many have been incorporated to some degree in existing programs. This book briefly summarises a number of 'new approaches'. CONTENTS: Summary; Introduction; Environmental Management: A portfolio of 'New Tools'; Selecting and Implementing New Approaches; Selecting and Implementing New Approaches; Public Sector Processes; Incentives; Market Mechanisms; Management Principles; Appendix A: Selected Reading; Index. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 3 | |
Selecting and Implementing New Approaches | 9 |
Selected New Approaches to Environmental Protection | 15 |
Incentives | 33 |
Market Mechanisms | 37 |
Management Principles | 45 |
Appendix A Selected Readings | 65 |
Index | 67 |
Common terms and phrases
accountability achieve actions activities Administration adopted agencies allow alternative application approach argue authority benefits businesses Commission companies compliance concept concerns Congress cost-benefit analysis costs critical damages debate decisionmaking decisions defined economic ecosystem management effects efficient efforts enforcement environment environmental management Environmental Policy environmental protection established example existing federal findings flexibility focused future goals groups implementation improve incentives individual Institute interest involved issues land lead limited management practices mechanisms meet methods natural needs organization participants party performance planning pollution pollution prevention potential practices Precautionary Prepared principle problems programs proposals question recent reduce regulations regulatory requirements responsibility result risk analysis risk assessment role Science scientific sources standards sustainability sustainable development tool trading United values various Washington widely
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Page 51 - When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.
Page 59 - ... disposal or other release Into the environment should be employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.
Page 59 - States that pollution should be prevented or reduced at the source whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled in an environmentally safe manner, whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner...
Page 18 - Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President and to serve as Science and Technology Adviser to the President.
Page 51 - In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by states according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
Page 12 - Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Page 19 - Each agency shall base its decisions on the best reasonably obtainable scientific, technical, economic, and other information concerning the need for, and consequences of, the intended regulation.
Page 46 - Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, popularly known as the Earth Summit) was held in Rio de Janeiro.
Page 46 - In its broadest sense, the strategy for sustainable development aims to promote harmony among human beings and between humanity and nature...
Page 46 - ... have achieved so far has been done by exploiting an endowment of natural capital, especially topsoil and minerals. For some material resources technology can offer viable substitutes. For other resources in the natural endowment - notably the biosphere and its functions - no substitute is likely. The report of the United Nations' World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) - known as the Brundtland Commission - was published in 1987 under the title Our Common Future. This triggered...