Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... mercury, diaphragm and ion exchange membrane processes ... process in Japan ... process with multiple transition images and goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 List of acronyms ABCSD AOO AOX ...
... mercury contamination traced to the chlor-alkali industry. In a top-down ... process – the only available technology at the time – as the technology to ... process turned out to be expensive and produced inferior quality product. Energy ...
... processes. This re-examination often leads to technological improvements and ... process of innovation, which covers the technological situation prior to the ... mercury, diaphragm and ion exchange. JAPANESE CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY 175.
... mercury is used in the mercury process , whereas the diaphragm process and the ion exchange membrane process do not involve any use of mercury . Figure 7.1 shows the shares of the three processes in the chlor - alkali industry in ...
... mercury process have been mainly developed in western Europe whereas United States companies have been involved in improving technologies for the diaphragm process. The Japanese chlor-alkali industry initially introduced both processes ...