Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... dioxin and furans, or in terms of the extent of use of elemental chlorine.1 The bleaching issue is a particularly controversial one, and over the course of the 1990s most new producers of kraft pulp switched to either elemental chlorine ...
... dioxins and furans thus removing the two major sources of dioxin / furan emissions . In the case of BOD and TSS limits , mills that needed time to install treatment facilities or alter production processes could apply for an ...
... dioxins / furans , which are not included in this chart . ( 2 ) Alberta , British Columbia and Ontario set mill - by - mill discharge limits ; fig- ures are range of permit levels . ( 3 ) Quebec has set two AOX levels – one for ...
... dioxin and furan emissions were particularly striking, with overall emissions be- ing essentially eliminated over a 10-year period; the main drop occurred at the beginning of the decade as mills took action to meet expected regulatory ...
... Dioxins and furans ( g / year ) 1988 26.3 10.0 4.8 360 1989 25.4 10.0 3.9 190 1990 22.9 9.0 3.4 120 1991 20.0 8.0 2.4 17 1992 16.5 7.0 1.8 12 1993 15.2 6.0 1.3 6 1994 13.3 6.0 1.0 2 1995 11.0 5.0 0.9 n.m. 1996 2.6 4.0 0.6 n.m. Source ...