Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... diaphragm and ion exchange membrane processes 183 7.3 Supply of the ... process in Japan 191 8.1 9.1 License model of corporate environmental ... process with multiple transition images and goals 271 List of acronyms ABCSD AOO AOX APEC ...
... processes and meet regulatory requirements . Once adopted , the diaphragm process turned out to be expensive and produced inferior quality product . En- ergy consumption of the diaphragm process was significantly higher than the mercury ...
... processes in use for the commercial manufacturing of chlorine and caustic soda in the world : the mercury process , the diaphragm process and the ion exchange membrane process . Each process represents a different method of keeping the ...
... diaphragm process and has remained the dominant technology in that country. In contrast, re- search and development efforts were devoted to improving the mercury process in western Europe and Japan. Through learning and knowledge ...
... diaphragm process and that the conversion would take a long period of time ( Japan Soda Industry Association 1973a ) . The request of the industry was also handed over to the minister of the Environmental Agency when the representatives ...