Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... caustic soda recovery / recycling tanks / process , replacement of high - waste - producing machines with low liquor dyeing equipment in the textile sector , mixing of spent oil with LPFO ( low pour fuel oil ) for reuse in boilers , etc ...
... caustic soda through electrolysis. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride (salt) is decomposed with direct current to produce chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide, that is, caustic soda. Since the electrolytic production of chlorine ...
... caustic soda in the world : the mercury process , the diaphragm process and the ion exchange membrane process . Each process represents a different method of keeping the chlo- rine produced at the anode separate from the caustic soda ...
... Soda Industry Association 1982). In replacing the mercury process, the only al- ternative technology available at ... caustic soda came to affect the industry significantly. Many users who had previously purchased caustic soda produced ...
... caustic soda, well above 3,200 kWh per ton of caustic soda for the mercury process (Japan Soda Industry Association 1975). This difficulty was aggravated by the oil crisis of the early 1970s. The price of electricity used for chlor ...