Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... industry basically produces chlorine and caustic soda through electrolysis. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride (salt) is de- composed with direct current to produce chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide, that is, caustic soda ...
... soda in the world : the mercury process , the diaphragm process and the ion exchange membrane process . Each process represents a different method of keeping the chlo- rine produced at the anode separate from the caustic soda and ...
... Soda Industry Association 1982). At this point the emphasis of the regulatory measures was on how to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate, mercury emissions into the environment. In May 1973 a newspaper article suggested that a case of ...
... Industry Association 1973a ) . The request of the industry was also handed over to the minister of the Environmental Agency when the representatives of the industry visited the agency to discuss the issue ( Japan Soda Industry ...
... Soda, Tsurumi Soda and Showa Denko had previous technical expe- riences on the diaphragm process, the technology developed by Kureha Chemical Industry was the first to be introduced for commercial purposes in the chlor-alkali industry ( ...