Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation: Developing Workable SolutionsIDRC, 2007 - 305 pages What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation. |
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... OECD Paprican PCB PET PP PPMP PT PVC RIVM SBR SCBL North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation North American Free Trade Agreement National Centre for Cleaner Production non-governmental organization Nationaal Initiatief ...
... ( OECD ) . Since 1995 Mexico has negoti- ated over twenty other free trade agreements with other countries . The outcome of these developments has been a more integrated economy with manufacturing exports comprising close to 85 % of all ...
... ( OECD 1993 ) , are introduced primarily to reduce the environmental impacts of a manufac- turing process or product and not for commercialization purposes ( Beise and Rennings 2003 ) . These innovations are therefore not always appar ...
... OECD countries such as Canada . In 2000 the government reported that 61 % of its major rivers are unpolluted , 9.7 % lightly polluted , 16.4 % moderately polluted , and 12.6 % severely polluted ( Yap 2000a ) . Capital investment in ...
... OECD 2002 ; Tilley 1999 ) . The estimates range from 50 % ( Ecotec 2000 ; Leb- ourveau 2004 ) to 70 % ( Groundwork 1995 , cited in Tilley 1999 : 239 ; Hillary 1999 ) . All agree that because of their sheer number the collective ...