3. What are the duties of the State Board of Health. Give illustrations of the way health officers exercise the police power.

4. What are some of the uses made of the police power to protect the public safety?

5. What actions are regulated or suppressed because they corrupt public morality?

6. What measures have governments taken in reference to temperance? What has been the history of temperance legislation in the United States?

7. Describe two forms of prohibition. When are prohibition laws effective?

8. Describe two methods of regulating the liquor traffic.

9. What has been the history of prohibition laws in reference to interstate commerce?

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

1. Give reasons why the police power should not be exercised by the federal government.

2. Does the constitution of the State say anything about the police power?

3. Is there a State board of health in this State? How is it chosen? What are some of its powers?

4. Is there a local board of health in this municipality? How is it chosen? What is it doing for the public health?

5. Name some uses of the police power not stated in the text.

6. Are you aware of any unwarranted use of the police power in this State? If so, how may the abuse be corrected?

7. On what grounds would you justify a law or ordinance which forbids: the firing of Chinese crackers on the Fourth of July? the tooting of horns on Christmas Eve? the wearing of feathers in ladies' hats? the running of trains on Sunday? the selling of cigarettes to boys? the building of wooden houses in the center of cities?

8. Does the constitution of this State say anything about the sale of intoxicating liquors?

9. Are the laws of this State in reference to the sale of liquor regulative or prohibitive? Are they effective laws?

10. Is the violation of a police law always a crime? What is the difference between a crime and a misdemeanor? between a crime and a sin?

Hints on Reading.-A. Russell, "Police Power of the State,'' treats the subject from the legal standpoint. The article Police Power in "Lalor's Cyclopedia" is written from the standpoint of the_political reformer. Article by B. J. Ramage in the "American Law Review," September and October, 1902, Social Progress and the Police Power of a State.

APPENDIX A

[THE CONSTITUTION

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA]

WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a 1 more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

ARTICLE I

SECTION 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall con- 2 sist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

SECTION 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People 3 of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most 4 numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five Years, and been seven 5 Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he 6 shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this 7 Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of 8 Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.1 The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress 9 of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. 10 The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to 11 chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

12

13

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker 14 and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

SECTION 3. The Senate of the United States shall be com15 posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of 1 The clause in italics superseded by the 13th and 14th amendments.

the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every 16 second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which 17 shall then fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a citizen 18 of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be 19 chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be 20 equally divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice Presi- 21 dent, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Per- 22 son shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall neverthe- 23 less be liable and subject to indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

SECTION 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress 24 may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year,

25 and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

26 SECTION 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Ma27 jority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

28

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the 29 Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question 30 shall, at the desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, 31 without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

32

SECTION 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach 33 of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for 34 which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been en