1. Outer harbor at mouth of Calumet River, Illinois.-Capt. Marshall submitted report of examination under date of April 1, 1893. It is his opinion and that of the division engineer, concurred in by this office, that the construction of an outer harbor at this locality is an improvement worthy of being undertaken by the United States, not, however, to enable the transaction of business in it, but for the purpose of providing by breakwaters a safe-sheltered entrance to the harbors at South Chicago. Sufficient information and data are on hand, derived from a recent detailed survey, for the preparation of project and estimate of cost of improvement, and no further survey is necessary. (See Appendix L L 7.)

2. Wolf River Harbor, Indiana, on Lake Michigan; and whether Wolf River and Lake are navigable waterways of the United States, and whether covered in whole or in part by claims of private ownership.-Capt. Marshall submitted report of examination under date of December 29, 1892. It appears that, properly speaking, there is no "harbor" of Wolf River now existing. It is the opinion of Capt. Marshall and that of the division engineer, concurred in by this office, that no public interest can be subserved by the construction of a harbor at the outlet of Wolf Lake, and that the locality is not at this time worthy of improvement by the General Government.

In further compliance with the terms of the act, Capt. Marshall states that Wolf River and Lake are not navigable waters of the United States in the sense that they can be used to carry on commerce by water in any ordinary way between the States of the United States or with foreign countries; and that the area covered by Wolf Lake is embraced in whole or in part by claims of private ownership, the title to that part of the territory in question lying in the State of Illinois being a matter now before the courts for settlement.

The report was transmitted to Congress and printed as House Ex. Doc. No. 169, Fifty-second Congress, second session. (See also Appendix L L 8.)

IMPROVEMENT OF CERTAIN RIVERS AND HARBORS IN MICHIGAN AND OF MICHIGAN CITY HARBOR, INDIANA.

This district is in the charge of Maj. William Ludlow, Corps of Engineers. The works on the eastern coast of Lake Michigan were in his charge the entire year; those in eastern Michigan were in the charge of Col. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, to November 1, 1892, and of Maj. Ludlow since that date. Division Engineer, Col. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers.

1. Michigan City Harbor, Indiana.-The works at this harbor consist of

a. The "inner harbor" made by deepening Trail Creek to 13 feet, and protecting the entrance by piers 100 feet apart and extending into the lake about 800 feet. The United States do the dredging and pier work, and the local authorities and shore-owners attend to revetting the banks. This work is completed except that an extension of the improvement to unoccupied territory in rear of the city has not yet been done..

The total expenditure to account of this work to July 1, 1892, was $105,923.06.

b. The "outer harbor," a basin of 40 acres built in the lake, inclosed by a pier on the east side and a breakwater, 1,400 feet long, on the north, and with an opening at the northwest angle. A northward

extension of the west pier closes the west side. This work was projected in 1870 and completed in 1884. The older works are much decayed, and the basin has never been dredged. It is not used by vessels.

In connection with the outer harbor, a pier projects 500 feet northward from the west end of the breakwater to protect the entrance from a strong westerly current.

The approximate cost of the outer harbor, as constructed, has been $560,000.

c. The "outer breakwater," projected in 1882 and now under construction. The work lies in the open lake westward of the entrance and is to have a length of 2,000 feet, the two equal arms making an angle of 135°. It is probable that some modifications of the plan and position of this work are desirable. Five hundred feet of it, starting from the east end, which is 400 feet distant from the end of the projecting breakwater pier, was built in 1889, and 200 feet more is now under contract.

Outer harbor.-The gross expenditure to account of the outer harbor to July 1, 1892, including the outer breakwater, was $706,588.05. For the outer harbor the expenditures for the fiscal year were $6,830.41. The repairs to the west end of the old breakwater, begun in May, 1892, were completed in September, and the two outer cribs of the breakwater pier were refilled with stone and planked over.

On the outer breakwater some of the decking, broken by the heavy sea of the fall gales, was replaced.

The estimate for 1895, $80,000, is for continuing construction of outer breakwater 500 feet, with contingencies.

July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities..

July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts....

$253.20 24, 669. 22

24.922.42

13, 533. 22

July 1, 1893, balance available.....

249, 613.50 80,000.00

(Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. Inner harbor.-For the inner harbor, the expenditures for the fiscal year were $9,495.92. At the beginning of the year the navigation was in good condition and work continued on the inward extension, the area dredged being 1,430 feet long by from 50 to 100 feet wide, to a depth of 15 feet, and the amount handled 62,280 cubic yards. Soundings December 1, 1892, showed 18 feet at the entrance, 14 feet to the Franklin Street Bridge, and thence 12 and 13 feet to the upper end. In April, 1893, the entrance had shoaled to 11 and 12 feet, and a cut 75 feet wide by 16 feet deep was made for a distance of 625 feet. With additional dredging near the Michigan Central Railway Bridge, the total amount was 8,087 cubic yards. This left the navigation in good condition and the dredge cleaned out the lower winding basin at the expense of the city, the filling being due to silt from a sewer.

Aside from the dredging, the principal matter requiring attention is the old pier at the east side of the entrance. The outer 700 feet of this

is rapidly rotting down and the end has disappeared under water. It is a danger to vessels, and is needed to protect the entrance from the large accumulations of sand in the adjacent "outer harbor," and should be rebuilt to a height of about 4 feet above water.

The working balance on hand will be used for further dredging.

As the inner harbor is separately appropriated for, the estimate for 1895 is as follows: Rebuilding east pier, $8,000; refilling and minor repairs to west pier, $2,000; dredging for the maintenance of navigation, $4,000, which, with contingencies, makes $18,000.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 18,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 1.)

2. St. Joseph Harbor, Michigan.-St. Joseph is one of the more important harbors of the east shore, with three lines of railway, and an extensive freight and passenger business by water, for the conduct and development of which the navigation facilities are with difficulty maintained by frequent dredging.

In its original condition the entrance had merely a variable channel of 3 to 7 feet. In 1836, owing to certain natural advantages of position and local features, it was selected for improvement as a harbor of refuge, and the project of 1866, modified in 1874 and 1875, called for a navigable depth of 16 feet and width of 270 feet. The project has never been carried out so far as the depth is concerned, the best water attained being 15 feet which of late years has not averaged more than 14 feet. In fact the failure to prolong the piers to an adequate depth in the lake and the formidable shoaling outside the entrance, due to accumulations against the north pier, have at times threatened to close the entrance altogether for the class of vessels using it. A special report of these conditions was made in November, 1891, with the recommendation that the north pier be extended as rapidly as practicable to the 15-foot contour in the lake, a distance of some 1,200 feet.

The present projection of the north pier beyond the shore line is 635 feet, and at the worst condition a shoal formed directly in front of the pier with only 7 feet on it.

The interior navigation has been taken care of by frequent dredging, the points giving most difficulty being where the Paw Paw River discharges into the Benton Harbor Canal, and near the lower end of the so-called "wing dam," where the outflow from the St. Joseph River expands into the harbor area proper.

Both streams transport at times large amounts of sediment. In the case of the Paw Paw, a radical cure for the recurring obstruction can be secured by closing its present mouth in the canal and cutting another through the marsh into the head of the harbor back of the "wing dam." The banks of the canal should be properly revetted to protect the narrow and thronged fairway.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $272,831.29 and for the fiscal year $11,692.

During the season of 1892 extensive dredging was done inside the harbor, particularly above the railway bridge, where the spring freshets had made deposits reducing the channel depth to 10 feet.

In the fall the outer bar again gave trouble. On October 31 the depth was 11 feet only. This was deepened, notwithstanding the late and stormy season, by using every hour of smooth lake, working at night when practicable. When work was closed the depth on the bar was 16 and inside not less than 13 feet. The total dredged was 65,267 cubic yards.

Late in March, 1893, it was found that a bar with but 4 feet on it blocked the canal at the mouth of the Paw Paw. This was dredged down in April, as also a shoal above and through the railway bridge, where the depth was 11 feet only. From April 1 to July 1, 1893, 23,777 cubic yards was removed, and the outer bar showed 15 feet and the interior navigation 13, except at the lower end of the wing dam, where the depth was 11.7 feet.

Repairs were made November, 1892, of a break in the channel wall of the old north pier, but this portion of the work is in bad condition and must be rebuilt.

In December, 1892, a contract was made for 350 feet extension of the north pier and work began in April and has continued. Four cribs are partly completed and one ready to sink.

The working balance of $12,000, July 1, 1893, is held for the large amount of dredging required and to make minor repairs.

The estimates for 1895 are, for 850 feet of pier, $85,000; rebuilding part of the old north pier, $5,000; sheet piling, repairs, and refilling, $11,000. Total, with contingencies, $111,000.

July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities.

$804.29

July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts................

36, 697.39

37, 501.68

July 1, 1893, balance available......

12,087.23

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 111, 000. 00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893.

(See Appendix M M 2.)

3. St. Joseph River, Michigan.-The improvement in question covers. a distance of 25 miles from St. Joseph to Berrien Springs, and this was to be effected by the project of March, 1889, to the extent of securing 3 or 4 feet depth by the removal of snags and bowlders, and the building of small wing dams of cheap construction.

The results have been satisfactory to the limited commerce interested, but are not likely to be permanent without further measures.

The allotment of $1,000 from the appropriation for St. Joseph Harbor of July 13, 1892, was held to await further requirements, and at the close of the fiscal year the condition of the navigation was such as * $1,000 of this sum is to be expended on St. Joseph River. ENG 93- -24

to call for its expenditure. The amount will be expended as heretofore, in building rough wing dams, removing snags, etc.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $3,450.27. No expendi tures were made during the fiscal year.

If the work is to be continued, $2,000 additional should be appropriated, preferably independent of the appropriation for St. Joseph Harbor, which has great need of the full appropriation made for it.

July 1, 1892, balance unexpended..........

Amount allotted under act approved July 13, 1892.

July 1, 1893, balance unexpended..............

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 3.) ·

$49.73 1,000.00

1,049. 73

1,049. 73

2,000.00

4. South Haven Harbor, Michigan.-The harbor is at the mouth of Black River, a stream of moderate dimensions, where the original expenditure at private cost had secured 6 or 7 feet, with a width of 85 feet. The project of 1866, modified in 1869, 1872, and 1888, called for 12 feet, with a width of 180 feet between piers, the improvement to extend half a mile up stream to the highway bridge.

The piers lack 150 and 200 feet of the projected length and do not extend beyond the 10-foot contour in the lake, with the 15-foot contour 300 feet farther out. In consequence of this, frequent dredging is necessary, both on a recurring bar outside the piers and in the river where the naked banks permit such a silt to fill the channel.

The total expenditure to July 1, 1892, was $203,872.45, and for the fiscal year, $6,562.87.

In October, 1892, the bar was dredged 70 feet wide and 18 feet deep, and a cut made inside, taking out a total of 9,063 cubic yards, but by November 25 all traces of the work had disappeared, and but 10 feet practicable depth remained.

In April, 1893, there was but 9 feet for a distance of 1,300 feet, but the bar had 12 feet. The dredge worked again in May, taking out 15,690 cubic yards and restoring the navigation.

Considerable repairs were made during the year, rebuilding old work, refilling, etc., and this work is still in progress.

The estimate for 1895 is, for extending piers to complete the existing project, $42,000; for general repairs and dredging, 7,000; which, with contingencies, makes $54,000.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 54,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893.

(See Appendix M M 4.)

5. Saugatuck Harbor, Michigan.-The month of the Kalamazoo River has a natural depth in ordinary condition of 6 or 7 feet, and the project