30, 1893, these boats removed 684 snags, 53 miscellaneous obstructions, and sluiced several bad bars. The fleet has been extensively repaired during the year, and the scow is now fitting with steam-propelling machinery.

The removal of many dangerous obstructions renders the channel more available for navigation than it was originally, but no attempt has been made to permanently deepen or rectify it.

Up to June 30, 1892, the river survey parties had completed the primary leveling to Fairbank, S. Dak., the tertiary triangulation, hydrography, and shore line to Cannonball, N. Dak., and the triangu lation and bank topography to Fairbank.

The plotters had completed 63 of the detail charts and 1 small-scale chart. Fifty-eight detail charts and 9 small-scale charts were partially finished. Fifty detailed charts were in the hands of the printer.

During the year the field work of the survey was nearly completed. There remains only the duplication of the primary levels for a distance of 267 miles, the shore-line topography and hydrography for a distance of 15 miles, and the topography of the bottom land for a distance of 94 miles.

The plotters during the year have finished 59 detail charts and 83 small-scale charts; and have partially finished 69 detail charts and 1 small-scale chart. Thirteen editions of the detail charts and proofs of 2 others have been received from the printer.

On June 30, 1892, the elevation for the ice harbor had been surveyed. The plans are now complete. It is hoped to do the greater part of the work in the autumn.

July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities

160, 127. 47

July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.

$9,725.00
13, 775.00

23,500.00

136, 627.47

July 1, 1893, balance available

*175, 000, 00

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895*175,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix C C 1.)

2. Removal of snags and other obstructions in Missouri River above Sioux City, Iowa.-The approved project contemplates the use of the available funds in the work stated on that part of the Missouri River above Sioux City where boats may be running and where the work is most needed.

But one appropriation has been made for this work, that by the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893, $50,000.

The work of the snag boats has been carried on under the general appropriation for improving the Missouri River between the Great Falls, Montana, and Sioux City, Iowa, and will be found reported under that head.

* Exclusive of $50,000 annually for removal of snags, etc.

Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved March 3, 1893.
July 1, 1893, balance unexpended

Amount (estimated) required for work annually...

Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867.

(See Appendix C C 2.)

$50,000.00

50,000.00

50,000.00

3. Examination of Missouri River between Three Forks and Canyon Ferry, Mont., to determine availability of water power. The river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892, appropriated $2,500 for an examination of Missouri River from Three Forks to Canyon Ferry, Mont., with a view of determining at what points, if any, use might be made of water power for manufacturing and other purposes, without unreasonably impairing the navigability of that portion of the river.

The project for the work contemplates examination of the maps of the survey made on this part of the river in 1890 by the Missouri River Commission, personal examination of the localities, and such additional field work as may be found necessary.

During the year ending June 30, 1893, the personal examination of the locality was made. The remainder of the work is reserved for the low water of early autumn, when it can be most advantageously done. Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892 July 1, 1893, balance unexpended

(See Appendix C C 3.)

$2,500.00

2,500.00

4. Yellowstone River, Montana and North Dakota.-Originally the channel of the river was so obstructed by rocks, swift rapids, sharp turns, and insufficient depth at bars as to be nearly impassable to any vessels at low water.

The original project contemplated rock removal at various points of the river and the construction of closing dams and wing dams at some places below Glendive. A survey was also projected.

Up to June 30, 1892, a total of $103,029.13 had been expended on the improvement, and $19,000 on the survey. The result has been to give a navigable channel of 3 feet in depth at the points improved above Glendive, and 3 feet or more at the points improved below that place. The survey has been finished. During the year ending June 30, 1893, no work has been done. For reasons given in Appendix X 2 of the Annual Report, Chief of Engineers, 1887, the project is suspended for further action of Congress. There was formerly a brisk river traffic. There is none now.

July 1, 1892, balance unexpended.

July 1, 1893, balance unexpended..
July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities.

July 1, 1893, balance available.....
(See Appendix C C 4.)

$11, 720.87

11, 720.87

.71

11, 720. 16

EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 13, 1892.

The preliminary examination of James River, South Dakota, required by act of July 13, 1892, was made by the local engineer, Capt. Charles F. Powell, Corps of Engineers, and his report thereon, dated February 28, 1893, was submitted through the division engineer, Col. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers. It is the opinion of Capt. Powell and that of the

division engineer, concurred in by this office, that the river is not now worthy of improvement by the General Government. (See Appendix CC 5.)

IMPROVEMENT OF OBION RIVER, TENNESSEE, AND OF CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENNESSEE RIVER ABOVE CHATTANOOGA AND BELOW BEE TREE SHOALS, AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES, TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY.

This district was in the charge of Lieut. Col. Henry M. Robert, Corps of Engineers, with Capt. John Biddle, Corps of Engineers, under his immediate orders to June 9, 1893, and in the charge of Capt. Biddle since that date.

1. Obion River, Tennessee.-This stream is a tributary of the Mississippi and flows wholly within the State of Tennessee. It rises in the western part of that State, runs in a southwesterly direction, and has a length of about 75 miles. An examination was made in 1880, and a survey was made in 1891, under provisions of river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, from Obion to the mouth of the river, a distance of 68.8 miles, having a fall of 27 feet.

The obstructions were found to be heavy drift, snags, overhanging trees, and a tortuous channel.

The project consists of removing surface obstructions, constructing wing dams at the worst shoals, straightening the channel by cutting through several sharp "bends," making the "cut-off's" sufficiently wide and deep by clearing, grubbing, and excavating, closing the old channel by means of pile and brush dams, to secure a navigable channel not less than 3 feet deep at lowest stages, estimated to cost $50,000. The appropriation of $7,500 in river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, was the first made for this work by the General Government.

In October boats were built and work begun. The channel was cleared of surface obstructions from Obion to Lane Ferry, about 22 miles. Work was suspended by high water in December. In March operations were resumed by clearing away the snags that could not be reached during the first season's work. The drift gorges that completely closed the channel at several points were cut through. A small steamer, with barges in tow, passed up the Obion in May, being the first steamboat reaching that town during the past fifty years. It is reported that the work done has given great satisfaction to the river interests.

The amount expended during the present fiscal year, including outstanding indebtedness, was $5,466.99.

Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892.
June 30, 1893, amount expended during fiscal year.

$7,500.00 5, 454.99

2,045.01 12.00

2, 033. 01

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... 42,500.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 10,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix D D 1.)

2. Tennessee River-a. Above Chattanooga, Tenn. (188 miles).—This section of the river extends from the mouth of the French Broad River to

Chattanooga, and is usually navigable during the winter and spring months. Examinations were made in 1830 and 1871, and a detailed instrumental survey in 1891-93. The obstructions were described as "low-water obstructions," consisting of reefs, rock or gravel bars, and snags, etc., brought down by freshets. The depth on these bars varies from 10 to 30 inches at a low-water stage, the current being from 2 to 6 miles per hour.

The original project, under which the work is still carried on, was to blast a channel through the reefs, reduce the gravel and sand bars, and to deepen the water on the bars by the construction of wing dams, thus contracting the waterway so as to secure a safe, navigable channel, 3 feet in depth at average low water.

The amount expended to June 30, 1892, including outstanding indebtedness, was $269,303.10, which expenditure has resulted in securing a lengthened season of navigation for steamboats and a safer channel for the passage of rafts and flatboats. Of the 43 obstructions enumerated in 1830, channel work has been carried on to the extent of improving at least 29 of them. Owing to the character of the banks these improvements are practically permanent. At White Creek Shoals the longitudinal dam has been lengthened and two spur dams built, causing the removal of the sand bar to deep water. At Soddy Shoals the channel has been carefully examined and preparations made for drilling and blasting the rock forming the dangerous reefs of this obstruction. Three dams have also been repaired.

The steamer McPherson proving unsuitable for the work on the Upper Tennessee was sold to the work of improving the Tennessee River between Chattanooga and foot of Bee Tree Shoals, and a light-draft steamer, Stephen H. Long, was constructed during the fiscal year for use above Chattanooga.

At Soddy Shoals work was carried on for about four months, August to December, removing from the channel about 650 cubic yards of rock, 145 snags, and 267 overhanging trees; 4,052 cubic yards of dam was' built and 1,496 cubic yards of old dam calked. During the winter the fleet was moored at Chattanooga. In April the fleet was moved to Caney Creek Shoals and the quarrying stone for the dams was begun; this work was in progress at the close of the fiscal year.

The amount expended, including outstanding indebtedness during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, was $22,786.98.

44,000.00 44,000. 00

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. Survey of Tennessee River between Chattanooga and the junction of Holston and French Broad rivers, Tennessee.-The river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, provided $15,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be used in making a careful and comprehensive

survey of Tennessee River from Chattanooga to the junction of the Holston and French Broad rivers, with a view of ascertaining to what extent the navigation of the river is capable of improvement, and the cost of the same and the preparation of suitable plans therefor.

The survey was conducted under the direction of Lieut. Cols. John W. Barlow and Henry M. Robert, Corps of Engineers, and a report upon it was submitted by the latter under date of February 23, 1893. Lieut. Col. Robert states that this portion of the Tennessee River, a reach 188 miles in length, is capable of being made navigable to a depth of 5 feet at low water without the use of locks and dams, but at great cost, roughly estimated at $3,000,000. He considers that an improvement to a depth of 3 feet, which is greatly needed and can be obtained at reasonable and justifiable cost, should be first undertaken before projecting further improvement. The cost of a 3-foot channel is esti mated at $650,000.

The reports were transmitted to Congress and printed as House Ex. Doc. No. 252, Fifty-second Congress, second session; they are also submitted with Appendix D D 2 of this report.

b. Below Bee Tree Shoals, Alabama (225 miles).-This section of the river is generally navigable during the greater part of the year, though several obstructions render navigation difficult during the low-water

season.

No instrumental survey has been made of this section of the river, nor estimates and project submitted for its improvement, and it is very necessary that such a survey be made to obtain data whereon to base estimates and a project for the improvement of the Lower Tennessee. The work required to be done is channel excavation and construction of wing dams to widen, straighten, and deepen the channel at the principal obstructions.

Livingston Point, Kentucky.-The river and harbor acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, each appropriated $25,000 for the preservation of Livingston Point, Kentucky, which, with two small islands, forms Paducah Harbor, at the mouth of the river. The plan of improvement adopted consisted in covering the wearing slopes of the banks with a revetment of stone and brush and the construction of a pile and stone dike along the crest of the weakest part of the point, where the Ohio cuts through at high stages of the river.

The amount expended, including outstanding indebtedness, to June 30, 1892, was $22,964.30. This expenditure secured the construction of the dike on the Ohio side for a distance of 660 feet across the washout near the extremity of the point. The bank protection covers a length of 2,330 feet, the average width being 47 feet. This work was done under contract.

During the present fiscal year a contract was entered into for furnishing stone and brush in place, necessary for the construction of about 3,000 feet of shore protection at Livingston Point, Kentucky. Work was carried on during December and April by depositing 2,000.47 cubic yards of stone in place. High water prevented operations during the other months of the fiscal year.

The amount available for this work during the past fiscal year was $27,035.70. The amount expended during the year was $1,459.29, leaving a balance unexpended July 1, 1893, of $25,576.41, of which $9,886.32 was covered by uncompleted contracts. The amount (estimated) required for completing the existing project for Livingston Point is $130,000.