given in deliberative assemblies, in the Courts of Justice, or in public meetings.

(c) Notices, newspaper reports, newspaper information, or pictures of general interest, whenever their exact version is maintained and their origin stated.

(d) Transcriptions made for the use of commentaries, criticisms or polemics.

(e) The faithful reproduction of laws, codes, official acts and public documents of any nature.

(f) The reproduction of theatrical works' which have been transferred, when two years have elapsed without the assignee having given a performance.

(g) The printing or reproduction, by order of the author or his successors, of the literary works which have been transferred, whenever a year has elapsed after the giving of notice of which Article 22 speaks.

(h) The photographic reproduction of pictures, monuments or allegorical figures exhibited in museums, parks or public places, whenever the works under reference are considered no longer to be of private ownership.

(i) Publication, when it concerns musical or theatrical works, on the part of the director of the theater or the impresario whenever the reproduction has been made with the author's permission.

(j) The transmission of sounds or music by radio broadcasting stations of the State, or by any other process, when those stations have no commercial purpose and are designated exclusively for cul

tural ends.

(k) The execution by bands or orchestras of the State of small musical fragments or of parts of musical works in public programs whenever it is not done with the object of profit.

Article 46. He who publishes, sells, or reproduces by any means or instrument, an unpublished work or one published without the author's or his successor's permission, or attributes it to a different author violating in any way the provisions of the present law, shall be punished with a fine of from $50 to $300, or by an equivalent prison sentence without affecting the civil actions which may be brought.

Article 47. Those copies which are involved in the violation shall be confiscated in favor of the author or his successor, the rights of third parties who have acquired such in good faith being respected however.

Article 48. Violations of what has been provided by the present law lie, in the first instance, within the jurisdiction of the Justices of the Peace. The sentences which may be prescribed in connection with this matter will have no effect on civil actions.

Article 49. One who, improperly ascribing to himself the status of musical composer or holder of a copyright or the representation of one who had such rights, should have a legal presentation, show, broadcast or public performance suspended, shall be punished with & fine of $50 to $300, or by an equivalent prison sentence.

Article 50. In the cases of theatrical, musical or motion picture works, the failure to pay for copyrights on the part of the firm to which said payment pertains, shall cause the responsibility to devolve upon the owner of the theater or places in which the presentation is held.

This provision will include owners or lessees of places where chorus shows or public dances are held.

Article 51. The injured party, whether author or successor, has the right of civil action to obtain compensation for damages and injuries, as well as the return of all profits and income improperly received by the violator.

The exercise of subrogatory action shall apply in all cases in accordance with that established by Article 1295 of the Civil Code. Judges of the First Instance are competent to judge the initiation of civil actions brought in the application of this law.

Article 52. The author of a work, his successor, the assignee, or the one who represents him, shall be able to request of the pertinent district authority, without affecting the responsibilities, indicated in Article 49, such assistance as is necessary to suspend a theatrical presentation or an instrumental or vocal musical performance or radio broadcast, conducted without the author's consent, when such are held in places where no entrance fee is charged, or when, an entrance fee being charged, advance publication has not been previously given of the respective programs. In cases where, an entrance fee being charged, publicity has previously been given with reference to the programs, the request for assistance must be addressed to the local Justice of the Peace. In all cases there must be shown the receipt of inscription issued by the National Library or sufficient bond posted in lieu thereof. With respect to a foreign work, the denouncing party must present as proof that to which Article 6 of this law refers or furnish bond in lieu thereof.

CHAPTER XI

CONCERNING THE REGISTRY OF COMPOSITIONS

Article 53. The National Library shall keep a Register of copyrights in which interested parties shall be obliged to record, in compliance with Article 6, the title of their works which are published for the first time within the territory of the Republic, furnishing at the same time two copies in printed or manuscript form, if they be literary, scientific or musical works, et cetera, and two photographs or reproductions by any other procedure, if they be other kinds of works.

He who presents himself to register a work with respective samples or copies, shall be furnished a provisional receipt, with such data, date and circumstances as might serve to identify the work, its registration being mentioned. The National Library shall, in addition, keep another stub book, for deposits, from which a receipt shall be torn for each work deposited, signed by the Director and certified with his seal of Office, a statement appearing on the stub as to the circumstances of the deposit; such receipt shall be delivered without charge to the interested party and shall be sufficient proof to serve for legal purposes.

For ten days the National Library or the Registry Office indicated in the Regulations shall place notices in the "Diario Oficial"

(Official Gazette), at the cost of the interested party and for half of the tariff at present in force, indicating the work registered, the title, author, its nature and other data to identify it. A month having passed after the last notice, the National Library shall issue the title of definite ownership.

A period of two years is permitted for the registration of works published, displayed or reproduced in the country, commencing from their publication, exhibition or presentation.

The period shall be three years when publication, exhibition or presentation is carried out abroad, the author being Uruguayan. The interested party shall pay the registration office, as inscription fee, fifty centesimos, if his be a work which requires the so-called "large copyright", or twenty centesimos if it be one of those which require the "small copyright".

Article 54. There shall be noted in the same Register, so that they may be valid for legal purposes, the transfers of copyrights over a work, at the request of the interested party, each transfer to be drawn up on paper stamped for 50 centesimos.

Article 55. For the registration of any alienation or transfer of a work, the acquiring party shall pay a fee of 20 percent of the value of the alienation.

The Executive Authority is authorized to modify the tariffs to which the foregoing articles refer.

In no case, shall the aforementioned fee be less than $5.00.

Article 56. The supervision and control of the application of this law shall be under the Copyright Council.

Article 57. It shall be made up of nine honorary members appointed in the following manner: the Director of the National Library; a delegate of the Uruguayan Playrights; a delegate of the Authors or Musical Composers of Uruguay; a delegate of the Club of Fine Arts; a delegate of the Press Club; a delegate of the National Commission of Fine Arts, and three members appointed by the Executive Authority, one of whom must be a composer not included in the previous categories. The Executive Authority shall determine which of them shall be President.

Article 58. The President and other members of the Copyright Council, with the exception of the representatives of the associations, shall exercise their duties for four years, being permitted to be re-elected. The representatives of the associations shall remain in office for two years.

Article 59. The Copyright Council shall enjoy juridical status. Article 60. It shall be governed by Regulations which must be submitted for the approval of the Executive Authority.

Article 61. Resides requiring the fulfillment of this law, the Copyright Council shall have the following attributes:

(a) To administer and guard the literary and artistic property belonging to the public domain and the State.

(b) To bring through judicial means civil actions and criminal charges, in the name and as a representative of the State.

(c) To act as arbiter in controversies which arise between unions or groups of authors or producers, when it may be designated for such duty.

(d) To issue opinions or decisions in controversies which arise before the judicial and administrative authorities, on matters relating to the present law, whenever they may be required to do so. (e) To exercise the other duties which the regulations of the present law may confer upon them.

Article 62. The monies received by virtue of fees, fines, et cetera, which belong to the public domain or the State, shall be alloted preferably to Services of Art and Culture.

Article 63. (Transitory) The period of one year is indicated for the registration of works published, exhibited or presented for the first time in the Republic, in compliance with the provision of Article 6.

Article 64. In accordance with what Article 18 of the Convention of Bern of 1886 establishes, the Executive Authority shall direct himself to "The International Copyright Bureau" with headquarters in that city, officially communicating the sanctioning of this law and the adherence of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay to that Convention, for the purpose of immediately establishing reciprocity with the signatory countries of the same.

Article 65. Let it be communicated et cetera.

Hall of Sessions of the Chamber of Deputies in Montevideo, December 15, 1937. Julio Cesar Canessa, President, Arturo Miranda, Secretary. Ministry of Public Instruction and Social Welfare, Montevideo, December 17, 1937. Let it be fulfilled, acknowledged, receipted, communicated, published and inserted in the National Register, Gabriel Terra, Eduardo Victor Haedo.

"Construction Activity in the United States, 1915-37", which supplies a statistical survey of the volume of construction for the past 25 years has just been released by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The 93-page booklet, prepared by the Division of Economic Research, is available through the office of the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., at 15 cents per copy.

RADIO LAW IN TURKEY

Translated by The Department of State

On June 9, 1937, the Grand National Assembly passed a law regulating radio operations in Turkey. The law was published in the Official Gazette, No. 3638 of June 23, 1937, and became effective on August 1, 1937. A translation of the complete text of the new regulations, which are designated as Law No. 3222 on Radio, follows:

CHAPTER I- GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. All radio installations serving to transmit or receive images, signals, and sounds of all kinds by means of electromagnetic waves as well as the operation thereof are placed under the monopoly of the State.

Article 2. The creation of radio installations of all kinds on the territory of Turkey and Turkish vessels, aircraft and airplanes, as well as the moving of installations made on the basis of a permit previously obtained or the changing of their apparatus and accessories in any way whatever are subject to the authorization of the Ministry of Public Works. Any attempt to that effect will be considered as a beginning of execution.

Radio installations and transmissions made in lycees, higher schools and universities for the purpose of education will be executed in accordance with the bases which will be established jointly by the Ministries of Public Instruction and Public Works.

The use of all apparatus functioning by invisible light and serving for distant correspondence is reserved to the Army. However, in case of necessity, the Council of Ministers may authorize their use in official establishments.

Article 3. The owners of radio installations of any kind whatever (including outside antennae and radio receiving stations) and replacement pieces are bound to decommission them upon request of an individual, regional, or general character, made on the basis of a decree of the Council of Ministers under circumstances necessitated by the public or military security and order of the State, or to turn them over to the Government, receiving a receipt, to receive them back again as soon as the reason ceases to exist.

The said installations must be returned in the condition they were in at the time of their delivery; in the contrary case the owner thereof will be indemnified.

Article 4. Officials authorized by the Ministry of Public Works may at any time check and examine the technical characteristics and the functioning of all the radio installations existing in Turkey and belonging to Turks and to foreigners. The owners of vessels, aircraft, and airplanes, as well as their crews, pilots, mechanics in a word all persons concerned are bound to facilitate the task of the said officials.