III SELECTED REFERENCES The references included are intended to supplement the reports from the states and to provide a broader perspective upon new designs in vocational, technical, and practical arts education in the public schools. Barlow, Melvin L. (editor). Vocational Education. 64th Yearbook, National Society for the Study of Education, Part I. Chicago, Illinois. 1965. 301 pp. Eninger, Max U. The Process and the Product of T. and I. High Feldman, Marvin J. "Why Manpower Training Should be a Public The Interstate, Hamlin, Herbert M. Public School Education in Agriculture. Harbisor, Frederick and Meyers, Charles A. Education, Manpower, Kemp, Barbara. The Youth We Haven't Served. A Challenge to Knoell, Dorothy M. Toward Educational Opportunity for All. Morgan, Robert M. and Bushnell, David S. Designing an Organic Washington, D. C. 1967. 20 PP. Morphet, Edgar J. and Ryan, Charles 0. (editors). Prospective Implications for Education of Prospective Planning and Effecting Needed Changes in 1964. National Committee on Seondary Education. Educating for Work. National Association of Secondary School Principals, Panel of Consultants on Vocational Education. Education for a Changing World of Work. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1963. 295 pp. U. S. House of Representatives, General Subcommittee on Education. Hearings on Vocational Education Amendments of 1966. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1967. 2 vols. 912 pp. U. S. Office of Education. A Review of Activities in Federally Aided Programs of Vocational and Technical Education, Fiscal Year 1964. The Office, Washington, D. C. 1966. 74 pp. U. S. Office of Education. Summary Report of Vocational-Technical Program Development by States. The Office, Washington, D. C. 1965. 50 PP. Venn, Grant. Man, Education, and Work. American Council on 184 pp. AVA POLICY RESOLUTIONS [Adopted by the House of Delegates, December 8, 1967, Cleveland, Ohio] DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT Whereas, the American Vocational Association accepts the following concepts as its mission in American education : 1. Education for employment and useful work is a necessity for the great majority of the people of this country whether they be young people at the beginning of their careers or older people who are suffering the vicissitudes of technological change. 2. Vocational education should include the following components: (a) Orientation to the world of work; (b) knowledge, attitudes, skills and techniques necessary for vocational competence in an occupation; (c) the related instruction which makes this competence meaningful to the individual and which will help the student to become a mature, responsible American citizen; and (d) opportunities for the social development of the individual at all levels of instruction. 3. The American Vocational Association affirms its dedication to the development and dissemination of this type of education in the interest of a stronger America; and WHEREAS. the Federal-State-local partnership was created 50 years ago to provide vocation education opportunities in the Nation's public schools; and WHEREAS, the state boards for vocational education have established, supported, and sustained programs of vocational education throughout this 50-year period; and WHEREAS, the state and local communities have not had sufficient resources to provide opportunities for all those who could profit from vocational education and training; and WHEREAS, the lack of adequate vocational education and training for a significant portion of our population, particularly in large metropolitan areas, has created complex social and economic problems for thousands of persons and has necessitated the establishment by the federal government of many vocational training programs administered by many different agencies at the federal, state, and local levels; and WHEREAS, these emergency programs are costly and serve as remedial rather than preventative measures; and WHEREAS, the total federal funds authorized for occupational training for Fiscal Year 1968 is $1.8 billion with only $280 million authorized for expenditure by state boards for vocational education for occupational training in high schools, area vocational schools, community and junior colleges and technical institutes; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association urge the Congress to establish a new federal agency for Education and Career Development to be headed by a member of the President's Cabinet. This agency should provide leadership and resources so that the schools of the nation might assume a central role in the preparation for work of all people in all communities. Among the responsibilities delegated to this Department should be the administration, through the states, of federal programs relating to education at the elementary, secondary, and post-secondary levels, including all programs of occupational training and/or vocational-technical education that are funded totally, or in part, with federal funds. EXPANSION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WHEREAS, there is widespread recognition of the need for providing appropriate occupational education for everyone; and WHEREAS, special interest has developed in providing occupational education for a much larger percentage of those enrolled in the junior and senior high schools; and WHEREAS, industrial arts education provides students in pre-trade and pretechnical education with opportunities for making occupational choices in the world of work; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that AVA members give increased attention to the development of cooperation with all others concerned with programs suited to the many now unserved; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that special attention be given to the respective roles in educating for occupational choice, competence, and advancement in the elementary schools, in the junior and senior high schools, in the area schools, in the junior and community colleges, and in the programs for adults; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that such programs also give emphasis to the social development of individuals at all levels of instruction and that appropriate legislation be established for its implementation. APPROPRIATIONS FOR VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL AND PRACTICAL ARTS EDUCATION WHEREAS, the American Vocational Association has surveyed the 50 states to determine the amount of funds required to meet the vocational training needs of all people in all communities; and WHEREAS, the survey revealed that by 1970 the estimated total expenditure for vocational education should be $2.2 billion of which $1.2 billion should be appropriated from federal sources; and WHEREAS, the present authorization for federal funds for vocational education is approximately $280 million for expenditure by state boards of vocational education; and WHEREAS, the members of the American Vocational Association have a commitment to the improvement and expansion of vocational education because of the contribution it can make to individual fulfillment and to the national welfare; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association urge the Congress to appropriate the full amount of funds authorized in the Smith-Hughes and George-Barden Acts, and the Vocational Education Act of 1963. FUNDS FOR SPECIALIZED PROGRAMS WHEREAS, many new jobs are being created each year, calling for specialized training; and WHEREAS, the lead time necessary to train individuals for these occupations has been shortened; and WHEREAS, the personnel, equipment, and facilities for training these individuals are not always available in the schools at the time of need; and WHEREAS, vocational educators feel the responsibility for meeting occupational education needs of all individuals; and WHEREAS, the training of students through joint efforts of education, business, industry, and agriculture has proven successful in the past; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association urge the Congress to provide increased funds for specialized training programs through business, industrial, home economics-related and agricultural establishments under the aegis of the schools to serve those persons and occupations not now being served by the occupational education programs in the localities where these special needs are occurring. AID TO LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS WHEREAS, the increasing number of unemployed and underemployed youth and adults in our large urban centers is a national emergency; and WHEREAS, the social and educational problems associated with urbn unemployment are of such depth and magnitude that they call for extraordinary measures at many levels; and WHEREAS, these measures should include regular vocational school programs, summer use of vocational education facilities, and permanent programs of vocational instruction for school dropouts and adults; and WHEREAS, the preparation of youth and adults for gainful employment should be conducted on a broad and continuing basis because adequate prep aration cannot be achieved alone by remedial and rehabilitative programs for persons who have already been discarded and rejected by the regular school curriculum; and WHEREAS, the emphasis must be placed on "prevention" rather than "cor rection" to insure that handicaps and special needs are not allowed to become fixed and virtually permanent; and WHEREAS, the tax base in large urban centers is not now adequate to support massive new programs of education; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association urge Congress to provide new and substantial federal aid to large metro politan areas of our nation through the provisions of the Vocational Education Act of 1963, thereby enabling the schools to expand vocational training for youth and adults. A SINGLE STATE BOARD OR COMMISSION WHEREAS, vocational education plays a significant role in solving manpower problems at local, state, and national levels; and WHEREAS, the effective administration of vocational education requires coordination among all levels of education; namely, elementary, secondary, postsecondary, adult, and higher education; and WHEREAS, the implementation of change in educational institutions to place emphasis on the career development needs of individuals of varying abilities and various cultural, racial, and economic backgrounds demands a unified approach to program and financial priorities; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association reaffirm and continue to support the position that administration at the state level of all federal legislation involving vocational education should continue to be the responsibility of a single state board or state commission designated by state commission designated by state legislation for this purpose. STUDENT PERSONNEL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE SERVICES WHEREAS, the value of any vocational education program is related to each student's abilities to profit from the instruction; and WHEREAS, the increased specialization of training and employment demands increased vocational guidance services; and WHEREAS, the worth of pre-admission guidance, counseling, and student placement for vocational students has been substantiated by research studies and practice; and WHEREAS, evidence supports the fact that a program of student personnel services needs to be included in vocational training programs; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association urge Congress to increase federal aid to student personnel services under the Vocational Education Act of 1963; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association encourage states and territories to implement the provision of P.L. 88-210 for student personnel services. WORK STUDY WHEREAS, many students are unable to complete their education because of lack of financial resources; and WHEREAS, supervised work experience constitutes a most effective work model for orienting students to the world of work; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Vocational Association support and urge the Second Session of the 90th Congress to authorize and appropriate funds for an expanded work-study program which will provide for supervised work experience. MATCHING FUNDS WHEREAS, the Vocational Education Act of 1963 requires matching of funds by programs and purposes; and WHEREAS, some states that have not had previous appropriations at state and local levels are hampered in their initiation of programs by the requirement to match funds in this manner, and WHEREAS, many states and localities do not have a substantial tax base for matching federal funds and are thus discouraged from innovation and new program development; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that Congress be asked to amend P.L. 88-210 to permit states to match federal funds at the ratios contained in the federal acts without regard to specific purpose for which the funds will be spent. LEGISLATION FOR HOME ECONOMICS WHEREAS, vocational home economics is the field of study and service concerned with the development of the human being and the home that nurtures him, and provides education of individuals for employment in the world of work in occupations involving home economics knowledge and skills; and 93-989-68-pt. 6- -7 |