Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and ResponsesAnthony J. McMichael World Health Organization, 2003 - 322 pages Over the ages, human societies have altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates. Today, the human influence has attained a global scale. This reflects the recent rapid increase in population size, energy consumption, intensity of land use, international trade and travel, and other human activities. These global changes have heightened awareness that the long-term good health of populations depends on the continued stability and functioning of the biosphere's ecological, physical, and socioeconomic systems. The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex of life-supporting processes. Climate and weather have always had a powerful impact on human health and well-being. But like other large natural systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities. Global climate change is, therefore, a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health. This volume seeks to describe the context and process of global climate change, its actual or likely impacts on health, and how human societies and their governments should respond, with particular focus on the health sector. |
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Page v
... heat and cold on cardiovascular mortality 141 Diarrhoeal disease 143 Malnutrition 145 Natural disasters caused by extreme weather and sea level rise 147 Falciparum malaria 150 Aggregated estimates for 2000 152 Conclusions 153 References ...
... heat and cold on cardiovascular mortality 141 Diarrhoeal disease 143 Malnutrition 145 Natural disasters caused by extreme weather and sea level rise 147 Falciparum malaria 150 Aggregated estimates for 2000 152 Conclusions 153 References ...
Page 2
... heat - trapping gases such as methane ( from irrigated agriculture , animal husbandry and oil extraction ) , nitrous oxide and various human - made halocarbons . Indeed , most climate scientists now suspect that the accumulation of ...
... heat - trapping gases such as methane ( from irrigated agriculture , animal husbandry and oil extraction ) , nitrous oxide and various human - made halocarbons . Indeed , most climate scientists now suspect that the accumulation of ...
Page 5
... heat trapped at Earth's surface by the human - amplified greenhouse effect progressively enters the deep ocean water . Similarly , it is likely that the continuing rapid extinction of populations and species of plants and animals will ...
... heat trapped at Earth's surface by the human - amplified greenhouse effect progressively enters the deep ocean water . Similarly , it is likely that the continuing rapid extinction of populations and species of plants and animals will ...
Page 6
... heat is transferred from surface to deep water ( 10 ) . By that time the sea level rise would have approximated 1-2 metres . The estimated rise in average world temperature over the coming century con- ceals various important details ...
... heat is transferred from surface to deep water ( 10 ) . By that time the sea level rise would have approximated 1-2 metres . The estimated rise in average world temperature over the coming century con- ceals various important details ...
Page 7
... heating from this heat - source . If weakening of the Gulf Stream does occur over the coming century or two , Europe may actually become a little colder even as the rest of the world warms . As mentioned earlier in this chapter , global ...
... heating from this heat - source . If weakening of the Gulf Stream does occur over the coming century or two , Europe may actually become a little colder even as the rest of the world warms . As mentioned earlier in this chapter , global ...
Common terms and phrases
activities adaptation American analysis areas assessment associated atmosphere average capacity cause century climate change climate variability considered countries deaths dengue depends disasters distribution economic effects ENSO environment environmental epidemics estimates et al evidence example exposure extreme factors floods future global greenhouse Group health impacts heat human health impacts of climate important incidence increase infectious diseases influence International IPCC Italy Journal limited malaria measures methods models monitoring mortality mosquito natural Niņo observed occur Organization outcomes ozone particular patterns period population possible potential precipitation predict present Press projected public health radiation rainfall range rates recent reduce region relationships relative Report response result risk scenarios Science seasonal social sources specific surface temperature tion transmission uncertainty United variation vector vulnerability warming weather World World Health